Week 5 Flashcards
What are some main causes of occupational causes of lung disease?
Coal mining, shipyard, building person
Asbestos, mould, coal miners lung
What are some environmental causes of lung disease?
Smoking, smog, air pollution, deprivation,
A farmer comes in with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (Chronic inflammation of lung ) what microorgansim is likely responsible?
Coxiella burenetti (q fever)
A bird keeper comes in with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (Chronic inflammation of lung ) what microorgansim is likely responsible?
Avian or animal proteins.
Chlamydia psittaci
What is smog composed of ?
Comprised of ozone from poor combustion of fossil fuels in cars
Calculate the curb score for a 65 year old man presenting with no confusion, BP of 130/ 95, resp rate of 32 and urea output of 8mmol/L
What is CURB used in? Pneumonia
Age > 65=1 Urea>7mmol/L =1 Confusion =1 Resp rate > 30 =1 BP, systolic <90 or diastolic <60 =1
Hence; 3
If 2 or more monitor or inpatient
In hyper sensitivity reactions what drugs are used to treat ?
Sodium cromoglycate as it is a mast cell stabiliser
Leukotriene receptor antagonists; to prevent eosinophil attraction
Glucocorticoids; To suppress inflammation
Give an example of a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction?
Sarcoidosis (?due to granumlomas)
What is caplans syndrome?
Inbetween rhumatoids and pneumocitis causing Nodules in upper lobes of lungs that may calcify
Where are the complement proteins produced?
The liver
A man presents with tachycardia and increased respiratory rate following a blood transfusion of the wrong type. What hypersensitivity reaction is occuring?
Type 2 as antibodies are directly binding and causing cell lysis
Describe the events leading to drug induced haemolysis. How can this present?
Pencillin is injected, this binds to regular RBCs forming a complex the body recognises as foreign, causing antibodies to attack and kill the cells.
Lower back pain (spleen), decreased BP, increased resp rate
What are the symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis? (Type 3 hyper sensitivity)
Rashes wheeze, breathlessness, malaise, pyrexia (fever)
Inflammation of the alveoli
What term time is considered safe for a baby to be born?
37-42 weeks
What is considered normal resp rate for neonates?
60 breaths per minute
What is respiratory distress syndrome in babies?
When they are born preterm and surfactant hasn’t been produced from the type 2 pneumocytes (alveolar cells) so lungs collapse
In term babies what is transient tachypnoea caused by?
When there is still amniotic fluid in the lungs due to caesaren causing persistent infection
Female presents with uveitis (inflammation of eye), erthema nodosum (swollen red lumps), lymphadenopathy and hypercalcaemia. What disease does she have?
Sarcoidosis
What can cause pneumoconiosis?
( inflammation and fibrosis of lung)
Asbestos, coal worker lung, silicon, inhaled pathogens inable to be cleared by body
Women with HIV presents with a chest infection, what is the most likely causative organism? How would you treat?
Pneumocystis jirovecci pneumonia
Co-trimoxazole
Known alcoholic presents with chest infection. Most likely organsim? Treatment?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Red jelly sputum
Cefotaxime
Young girl with cystic fibrosis presents with chest infection. Most likely organism?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What does a raised serum ACE level indicate?
Sarcoidosis
Chest x-ray should ground-glass appearance with pleural thickening. Diagnosis?
Asbestosis
Women presents with butterfly rash across her face, mouth ulcers and thrombocytopenic (low platelets). Autoantibody screening shows ds-DNA and ANA antibodies. Diagnosis?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
ANA antibodies test for lupus of rheumatoid arthritis
Women presents with worsening breathlessness, problems with her eyes, joints and skin. An has autoantibodies present, anti-CCP. Diagnosis?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is reactive airways dysfunction syndrome
Asthma like syndrome after exposure to high levels of an irritating vapor, fume or smoke. E.g swimming pool chlorine
Man presents with honeycomb lung, the lung spaces are enlarged stiff and fibrous. No evidence of inflammation. Diagnosis?
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
What is churg-strauss syndrome?
Allergic granulomatosis
Autoimmune condition inflamming blood vessels in the airways, commonly eosinophils present
Raised pANCA
What is caplans syndrome a combination of?
Rheumatoid arthiritis and pneumoconiosis
Making intrapulmonary nodules
Women presents with SOB, rash on lower legs, investigations show raised serum ACE and BIHILAL LYMPHADENOPATHY on chest xray. What is the diagnosis
Sarcoidosis
If bihilal lymphadenopathy then likely sarcoidosis
