Week 4 Flashcards
(47 cards)
Which part of the lung is affected in TB? What does TB cause?
The top of the lungs, causes tissue damage, scarring
What are some of the clinical presentations of TB?
Weight loss Malaise Coughing blood Breathlessness Crackles in upper
How can you diagnose TB?
PCR, ziel neeson stain, tuberculin test
What is the treatment for TB?
Antibiotics for 6 months
RIPE
Rifampicin isonazid pyrazinamide ethanbutol
What is the side effects of rifampicin
Turns urine pink
What are the potential side effects of isoniazid
Cause renal failure, hepatitis, neropathy
What causes TB?
Mycobacterium
Who is at risk of developing pleural infection?
Those with type 1 diabetes, the immunosuppresed (corticoid steroids), alcoholics, drug users
What is a ghon focus?
Consolidation of the lung in the periphery of the mid lung
What organism usually causes community acquired pneumonia? What is it alpha or beta haemolytic?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
HAEMOphillis influenza
Klebsiella pneumonia (causing red jelly)
Alpha haemolytic
How can you treat pneumonia
Amoxicillin
Doxycyline
Co-amoxiclav
What does moraxella catarrhalis effect?
Can affect whole resp system and cause sinitis
What are the common micro-organisms to cause an exacerbation of asthma or COPD
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Someone presents with an inspiratory whooping sound, they are also vomiting and coughing. What microorganism is cause?
Whooping cough caused by bordetella pertussis
What is first line antibiotic for community acquired pneumonia?
Amoxicillin or doxycycline
What are the antibiotics used to treat hospital acquired pneumonia?
Amoxicillin metronidazole gentamicin
Young male presents with repeated chest infections, salty sweat, coughing up thick mucus, pancreatic obstruction and chronic colonisation of pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia and he is infertile. What does he have?
Cystic fibrosis
What is the term for chronic dilation of the bronchus?
Bronchiectasis
What are the two main causative organisms for TB?
Mycobacterial tuberculosis and M. Bovis (cows)
Name some clinical features of immunodeficiency
Weight loss Skin rash Diarrhoea Ulcers in mouth Recurrent infections
Child 3 days old presents with serious infection, blood samples taken and no wbcs are detected. What autoimmune disease do they have?
Recticular dysgenesis
Stem cells dont differentiate into WBCs
Young child presents with recurrent infections, bloods show T and B cells are normal but neutrophil count is low. What is diagnosis?
Kostmann syndrome
Inability to produce neutrophils
Young child presents with failure to thrive, has recurrent infections. Bloods show normal B cells, T cells, and WBCs. Diagnosis?
Chronic granulomatous disease
Where ROS isn’t produced so chronic inflammation
Child presents with low set ears, cleft pallet, small mouth and jaw. Poorly developed oesophagus and heart. What condition? What chromosome
Digeorge syndrome
Chromosome 22