Week 4 Flashcards
Which part of the lung is affected in TB? What does TB cause?
The top of the lungs, causes tissue damage, scarring
What are some of the clinical presentations of TB?
Weight loss Malaise Coughing blood Breathlessness Crackles in upper
How can you diagnose TB?
PCR, ziel neeson stain, tuberculin test
What is the treatment for TB?
Antibiotics for 6 months
RIPE
Rifampicin isonazid pyrazinamide ethanbutol
What is the side effects of rifampicin
Turns urine pink
What are the potential side effects of isoniazid
Cause renal failure, hepatitis, neropathy
What causes TB?
Mycobacterium
Who is at risk of developing pleural infection?
Those with type 1 diabetes, the immunosuppresed (corticoid steroids), alcoholics, drug users
What is a ghon focus?
Consolidation of the lung in the periphery of the mid lung
What organism usually causes community acquired pneumonia? What is it alpha or beta haemolytic?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
HAEMOphillis influenza
Klebsiella pneumonia (causing red jelly)
Alpha haemolytic
How can you treat pneumonia
Amoxicillin
Doxycyline
Co-amoxiclav
What does moraxella catarrhalis effect?
Can affect whole resp system and cause sinitis
What are the common micro-organisms to cause an exacerbation of asthma or COPD
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Someone presents with an inspiratory whooping sound, they are also vomiting and coughing. What microorganism is cause?
Whooping cough caused by bordetella pertussis
What is first line antibiotic for community acquired pneumonia?
Amoxicillin or doxycycline
What are the antibiotics used to treat hospital acquired pneumonia?
Amoxicillin metronidazole gentamicin
Young male presents with repeated chest infections, salty sweat, coughing up thick mucus, pancreatic obstruction and chronic colonisation of pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia and he is infertile. What does he have?
Cystic fibrosis
What is the term for chronic dilation of the bronchus?
Bronchiectasis
What are the two main causative organisms for TB?
Mycobacterial tuberculosis and M. Bovis (cows)
Name some clinical features of immunodeficiency
Weight loss Skin rash Diarrhoea Ulcers in mouth Recurrent infections
Child 3 days old presents with serious infection, blood samples taken and no wbcs are detected. What autoimmune disease do they have?
Recticular dysgenesis
Stem cells dont differentiate into WBCs
Young child presents with recurrent infections, bloods show T and B cells are normal but neutrophil count is low. What is diagnosis?
Kostmann syndrome
Inability to produce neutrophils
Young child presents with failure to thrive, has recurrent infections. Bloods show normal B cells, T cells, and WBCs. Diagnosis?
Chronic granulomatous disease
Where ROS isn’t produced so chronic inflammation
Child presents with low set ears, cleft pallet, small mouth and jaw. Poorly developed oesophagus and heart. What condition? What chromosome
Digeorge syndrome
Chromosome 22
What can a narrowing of the supraglottis or subglottis region cause?
Stridor- an inspiratory wheeze
Child presents with barking cough, stridor and a hoarse voice. What is it? Caused by ?
Croup
Influenza A and B
What is gout
Inflammatory arthritis (red hot tender swollen joints)
An obese man presents to you with poor sleeping pattern, claims to be snoring and finds himself falling asleep during the day. What is his diagnosis?
Obstructive sleep apnoea
Upper airway problem due to relaxation of pharyngeal dilatory muscles causing flopping
A immunodeficiency causing impariment of cillia
Kartenagers
What is the umbrella term for a combination of syndromes including bronchiectasis, rhinosinusitis, reduced fertility?
Young’s syndrome
What type of organism usually cause intrapulmonary abscess? How would you treat?
Gram negative organisms like ecoli- treat with gentamycin
Also streptococcus and staphylococcus which treat with levofloxacin
A man has an X-ray and shows a D shapped opaqueness, what is diagnosis
Empyema (puss in pleural space)
What is the pump in cystic fibrosis that causes the secretions to be dry?
Treatment of cystic fibrosis?
CTFR pump which pumps Cl- ions out of the cell, but in this case it is broken so cl- remains intracellularly so the cl- Na+ symport then doesnt work causing sodium to be absorbed into the cell dragging water with it.
Ivacaftor and lumacaftor
What cell type can you test for with NBT test?
Neutrophils
What organism commonly infects children peaking in winter, can be secondary to another infection? Confirmed by PCR
Metapneumovirus
What is the commonest organism causing bronchiolitis? The diagnosis is with PCR and treatment supportive
Respiratory syncytial virus
What organism is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause infiantile pneumonia by vertical transmission?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is eaton lamber syndrome?
A paraneoplastic chenge involving hyproflexia (absent reflexes), limb weakness, and reduced autonomic activity
What is the emergency treatment for a pneumothorax
Insertion of a large bore cannula into 2nd intercostal space mid clavicular line
What is the managemet for a non severe pneumothorax?
Chest drain inserted into 4th/5th intercostal mid axillary line
What is a possible condition you can get as a side effect of arthiritis drugs?
TB
What is a mast cell degradation product that can be measured during an acute episode of anaphylaxis?
Serum tryptase
What cell type is a common infiltrate and seen in high quantities in chronic type I hypersensitivity reactions
Eosinophils
What condition involves a paraneoplastic change also known as myasthenic syndrome, involving hyporeflexia, proximal limb weakness and reduced autonomic activity?
Eaton lambert syndrome
You suspect a neutrophil deficiency in a child. What test do you run to check for their function?
NBT (nitroblue tetrazdium)
What organism causes Q fever? And pneumonia?
Coxiella burnetti
What organism is gram negative, cultured on chocolate agar and causes pneumonia?
Haemophilus influenzae
