Week 5 Flashcards
hierarchal model of motivation
- collection of motivations differing in types and levels of generality
- other people can have a substantial impact on our many motivations
- yields important consequences occurring at three levels of generality: global level, contextual level, situational level
- recursive bottom-up influence of situational motivation on contextual motivation
- it postulates tat a complete analysis of motivation much include intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation
global level of motivation
motivation is an individual difference
contextual level of motivation
consequences differ according to the context
situational level of motivation
motivation is associated with important consequences
intrinsic motivation
implies engaging in an activity for the pleasure inherent in the activity
it emerges spontaneously from psychological needs and innate strivings for growth
extrinsic motivation
refers to a broad array of behaviour having in common the fact that activities are engaged in for instrumental reasons
amotivation
at work when individuals display a relative absence of motivation; they do not perceive a contingency between their behaviours and outcomes
autonomy
autonomy support from the environment and one’s relationships leads to psychological need satisfaction = intrinsic motivation
competence
competence support from the environment and one’s relationships leads to psychological need satisfaction = intrinsic motivation
relatedness
relatedness support from the environment and one’s relationships leads to psychological need satisfaction = intrinsic motivation
tripart taxonomy of intrinsic motivation
IM to know: engaging in activities for the pleasure and satisfaction derived from learning, exploring, and understanding new things
IM to accomplish: engaging in activities because of the pleasure and satisfaction derived from trying to surpass oneself, creating, or accomplishing something
IM to experience stimulation: engaging in activities because of the stimulating sensations associated with them
self-determination theory
Extrinsic motivation varies in their degree of self-determination
the idea that people function best when they feel that their actions stern from their own desires rather than from external forces:
- external motivation/regulation
- introjected motivation
- identified motivation
- integrated motivation
external motivation/regulation
EM: behaviours are performed to attain a positive end state or to avoid a negative end state which are separate from the activity itself
introjected motivation
EM: individuals take prompts from their environment and bring them inside themselves; past external contingencies
identified motivation
EM: reasons to engage in an activity are internalized; the activity is judged valuable by the person; there is a sense of choice
integrated motivation
EM: when the choice underlying behaviour is in harmony with other structures within the self
external regulation of motivation
INCENTIVES: an environmental event that attracts or repels a person toward or away from initiating a particular cource of action
always precedes bahaviour (S: R -> C)
(situational cue: bhvral response causes consequence)
incentive value of an environmental event is learned through experience
CONSEQUENCES
there are two types: Reinforcers/rewards and punishers
hidden costs of rewards
intended primary effect of extrinsic rewards: promotion of compliance (ex. engaging them)
unintended side effects:
- undermining intrinsic motivation: overjustification effect; expected rewards undermine intrinsic motivation - unexpected rewards do not; tangible rewards undermine intrinsic motivation - verbal rewards do not
- interference with the quality and process of elarning
- interference with the capacity for autonomous self-regulation
