Week 5

Question 1

hierarchal model of motivation

Answer 1

• collection of motivations differing in types and levels of generality
• other people can have a substantial impact on our many motivations
• yields important consequences occurring at three levels of generality: global level, contextual level, situational level
• recursive bottom-up influence of situational motivation on contextual motivation
• it postulates tat a complete analysis of motivation much include intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation

Question 2

global level of motivation

Answer 2

motivation is an individual difference

Question 3

contextual level of motivation

Answer 3

consequences differ according to the context

Question 4

situational level of motivation

Answer 4

motivation is associated with important consequences

Question 5

intrinsic motivation

Answer 5

implies engaging in an activity for the pleasure inherent in the activity
it emerges spontaneously from psychological needs and innate strivings for growth

Question 6

extrinsic motivation

Answer 6

refers to a broad array of behaviour having in common the fact that activities are engaged in for instrumental reasons

Question 7

amotivation

Answer 7

at work when individuals display a relative absence of motivation; they do not perceive a contingency between their behaviours and outcomes

Question 8

autonomy

Answer 8

autonomy support from the environment and one’s relationships leads to psychological need satisfaction = intrinsic motivation

Question 9

competence

Answer 9

competence support from the environment and one’s relationships leads to psychological need satisfaction = intrinsic motivation

Question 10

relatedness

Answer 10

relatedness support from the environment and one’s relationships leads to psychological need satisfaction = intrinsic motivation

Question 11

tripart taxonomy of intrinsic motivation

Answer 11

IM to know: engaging in activities for the pleasure and satisfaction derived from learning, exploring, and understanding new things
IM to accomplish: engaging in activities because of the pleasure and satisfaction derived from trying to surpass oneself, creating, or accomplishing something
IM to experience stimulation: engaging in activities because of the stimulating sensations associated with them

Question 12

self-determination theory

Answer 12

Extrinsic motivation varies in their degree of self-determination
the idea that people function best when they feel that their actions stern from their own desires rather than from external forces:
- external motivation/regulation
- introjected motivation
- identified motivation
- integrated motivation

Question 13

external motivation/regulation

Answer 13

EM: behaviours are performed to attain a positive end state or to avoid a negative end state which are separate from the activity itself

Question 14

introjected motivation

Answer 14

EM: individuals take prompts from their environment and bring them inside themselves; past external contingencies

Question 15

identified motivation

Answer 15

EM: reasons to engage in an activity are internalized; the activity is judged valuable by the person; there is a sense of choice

Question 16

integrated motivation

Answer 16

EM: when the choice underlying behaviour is in harmony with other structures within the self

Question 17

external regulation of motivation

Answer 17

INCENTIVES: an environmental event that attracts or repels a person toward or away from initiating a particular cource of action
always precedes bahaviour (S: R -> C)
(situational cue: bhvral response causes consequence)
incentive value of an environmental event is learned through experience
CONSEQUENCES
there are two types: Reinforcers/rewards and punishers

Question 18

hidden costs of rewards

Answer 18

intended primary effect of extrinsic rewards: promotion of compliance (ex. engaging them)
unintended side effects:
- undermining intrinsic motivation: overjustification effect; expected rewards undermine intrinsic motivation - unexpected rewards do not; tangible rewards undermine intrinsic motivation - verbal rewards do not
- interference with the quality and process of elarning
- interference with the capacity for autonomous self-regulation