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Foundations Of Nursing > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is growth

A

The quantitative changes that can be measured and compared with norms

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2
Q

What is development

A

Implies a progressive and continuous process of change leading to a state of organised and specialised functional capacity

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3
Q

As nurses how can we influences prenatal care

A

Health promotion
Screening for manageable conditions and treatable diseases
Educational, social and nutritional services

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4
Q

What is the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life at birth

A 
Physical changes-Independent respiratory function
Psychosocial changes-
Parent child interactions begin
Health considerations- airway potency
Immature immune system
Thermoregulation
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5
Q

What are the physical changes in newborns

A 
Heart rate ranges from 120-160
BP is 74/46
Breathing rate is 30-50
Head moulding
Elimination
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6
Q

What are the cognitive changes of a newborn senses

A 
Touch: 
Sensitive to touch on mouth, palms and souls
Pain
Hearing:
Learns sound patterns
Sensitive to voices
Vision:
Tract movement and monitor environment
Taste and smell:
Sweet tastes
Identify mother through smell
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7
Q

What are the psychosocial changes of a newborn

A

Strong bonds
Newborns maintain contact with parents-john bowlby
Care plans

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8
Q

What are the physical changes of infancy

A

Rapid physical growth and psychosocial development
Interact with environment
Gross motor skills develop
Sleep patterns change

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9
Q

What are the sensory changes of infancy

A 
Vision:
I teret in human faces, colour vision, depth perception
Hearing:
Sensory threshold higher
Touch and pain:
Respond to touch and can also feel pain
Smell:
Can differentiate odours
Taste:
Sensitivity to taste may be present before birth
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10
Q

What are the cognitive changes in infancy

A

Infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical, notorious actions
Repetition, reflexes, interesting actions

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11
Q

Do infants listen better when we speak in a higher voice with simple words?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What are some of the infants psychosocial (emotions) changes

A

Fear is one of the baby’s earliest emotions

Stranger anxiety

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13
Q

How does an infants temperament change

A

Cultural influence

Family influence

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14
Q

Did Erickson believed the first year is characterised by trust and mistrust?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Does a mothers facial expression influences an infants behaviour?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What are some attachment issues with infancy

A

Erickson: trust arises from physical comfort and sensitive care
Bowlby: biologically equipped to attach
Secure, avoidant, resistant, disorganised
Maternal sensitivity linked to secure attachment

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17
Q

What affects learning capacity

A

Relies on parents for basic needs
Learns to trust adults when convey love
Explores environment through senses

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18
Q

What are some teaching methods

A

Keep rountines consistent
Hold firmly, smile and speak softly
Stimulate senses

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19
Q

What are the physical changes in toddlers

A 
Sphincter control
Gross motor skills
Fine motor skills
Height and weight
Brain growth
Brain structure
20
Q

How do toddlers represent the world

A

Through words and images

21
Q

What is cognition dominated to

A

By egocentrism and magical beliefs

22
Q

What are some psychosocial changes of toddlers emotions

A

Social referencing
Self consciousness
Emotional self regulation

23
Q

Do toddlers have temper tantrums and are shy vs sociable child

A

Yes

24
Q

What are the 4 stages of attachment

A

Pre attachment
Attachment in the making
Clear cut attachment
Formation of a reciprocal relationship

25
Q

What are some learning methods for toddlers

A

Learns words and express feelings
Learn by associating words with objects
Likes to explore through play

26
Q

What are some teaching methods for toddlers

A

Use play to teach
Offer picture books
Use simple words to promote understanding

27
Q

Pre schoolers gain gross motor skills such as skipping, swimming and fine motor skills such as eye/ hand coordination and dressing and feeding
True or false

A

True

28
Q

What are 3 cognitive changes of a pre schooler?

A

Cannot reason logically
Fear of bodily harm
Make believe play

29
Q

What does vygotskys sociocultural theory suggest about pre schoolers

A

Other people infinite to cognitive development

30
Q

What is the zone of proximal development

A

Tasks children cannot do alone but can learn with help of more skilled partners

31
Q

How does the memory change in pre schoolers

A

Becomes more accurate

32
Q

Name 3 psychosocial changes in pre schoolers

A

Erickson:
Eager to tackle new tasks
Overstepping limits
Wrong behaviour

33
Q

What are some learning methods for pre schoolers

A

No concept time
Asks questions
Express feelings through actions rather than words

34
Q

What are some teaching methods for pre schoolers

A

Use role play, imitation and play to make it fun to teach
Offer simple explanations and demonstrations
Learn through pictures and short stories

35
Q

What are some physical changes of a school age child

A

Postural changes
Growth slows ready for puberty
Facial bones grow and remodel
Permanent teeth erupt

36
Q

How do motor skills improve in school age children

A

Become smoother and more coordinated
Boys outperform girls in large muscle activities
Girls outperform boys in fine motor skills

37
Q

Is excerise linked to cognitive development?

A

Yes

38
Q

What are the cognitive changes in school age children

A

Starts to reason logically
No abstraction yet
Understand concept of conversation
Not just own perception of works

39
Q

How to school age children process information

A

Critical thinking
Creative thinking
Scientific thinking

40
Q

What is self concept in school age of children

A

Evaluations of the self

41
Q

What is self esteem for a school age child

A

Global evaluations of the self

42
Q

Explain self efficacy in school age children

A

Belief that one can master a situation and produce favourable outcomes

43
Q

Do peers become important in school aged children

A

Yes

44
Q

What are some outcomes of bullying

A

Depression
Suicide
More health issues

45
Q

What are teaching methods that can be used for school age children

A

Teach psychomotor skills to maintain health

Offer opportunities to discuss health problems and answer questions

46
Q

What are some learning methods to school age children

A

Able to make judgments
Play becomes more formal and social
Asks many questions about health

Foundations Of Nursing (8 decks)

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