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Infectious Disease > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Who gets screened for the HIV (4 groups)

A

All pregger chicks
All pts between 13 and 64
All pts with TB, STD
“High Risk” pts annually

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2
Q

When does the viral load of HIV initially peak

A

6-8 weeks after infection

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3
Q

How long are HIV patients asymptomatic after initial infection

A

Up to 12 years

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4
Q

What test is used for rapid HIV testing/screening?

A

ELISA

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5
Q

Sensitivity / Specificity of HIV ELISA

A 
Highly Sensitive (very few false negatives)
Not super specific (possible false positives)
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6
Q

What test is used for confirmatory testing of HIV?

A

Western Blot

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7
Q

Benefit of western blot for HIV

A

High specificity (very few false positives)

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8
Q

What is the initial peak in viral load after HIV infection called

A

Acute Retroviral Syndrome

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9
Q

When does acute retroviral syndrome typically start

A

2-4 weeks after infection

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10
Q

Symptoms of acute retroviral syndrome

A

flu-like illness for 3-14 days

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11
Q

Difficulty of diagnosis in acute retroviral syndrome

A

Antibody tests (like ELISA) will be negative

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12
Q

Patients are ________ infectious during acute retroviral syndrome

A

super duper

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13
Q

Are tops or bottoms more likely to contract HIV? What about bottoming from the top? What about power-bottoming? What about canoodling the Congolese chicken? What about sharing IUD’s? What about docking?

A

Bottoms

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14
Q

3 highest-risk practices for HIV transmission

A

receptive anal intercourse (0.3-3%)
IDU needle sharing (0.67%)
Maternal-infant (24%)

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15
Q

What CD4 count should you wait for to start ARV therapy?

A

You shouldn’t wait, waiting is bad, dummy

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16
Q

40-85% of women who give birth to an HIV positive child. . .

A

Didn’t know they had HIV

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17
Q

HAART during pregnancy brings risk of vertical transmission of HIV from ______ to ______

A

25% (40% if breastfeeding) to less than 1%

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18
Q

How long should a patient receive post exposure prophylaxis for HIV

A

28 days

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19
Q

Reasons for HIV post exposure prophylaxis

A

needle stick, splash, bite, unprotected sex, sexual assault, condom breakage, IVDA

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20
Q

What body fluids are NOT infectious for HIV

A 
peepee
drool
sweat
tears
snot
spit
pukes
poops
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21
Q

HIV post exposure prophylaxis should be started within how long after exposure

A

under 72 hours

22
Q

major clinical clues for HIV infection (5)

A 
fatigue
weight loss
leukopenia
anemia
polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia
23
Q

CD4 count below _____ puts patients at high risk for opportunistic infection

A

200

24
Q

List some exotoxins (5)

A 
Diphtheria toxin
Pertussis toxin
Shiga toxin
Botulinum toxin
Tetanus toxin
25
Q

Give an example of an endotoxin

A

LPS in gram negative bacteria

26
Q

Staph aureus toxins with a role in nec fasc

A

Leukocidin, Exfoliatin B

27
Q

Strep pyo toxins with a role in nec fasc

A

Streptolysin O
Strep pyrogenic exotoxin e
Strep pyrogenic exotoxin B

28
Q

Strep toxic shock syndrome diagnostic criteria (7-9)

A 
GABHS isolated
Renal / Rash
Platelets 
ARDS
Bleeding / BP
Hepatic
Soft tissue necrosis

(Mnemonic GRouP A Beta Hemolytic Strep)

29
Q

Strep toxic shock syndrome treatment

A 
Debride
Pcn IV
Clinda IV
maybe IVIG
(can transition to oral abx when afebrile, clean cultures, and stable)
30
Q

Staph toxic shock diagnostic criteria

A 
Fever greater than 38.9
Rash
Desquamation
Hypotension
Multiorgan (more than 3:  muscles, kidneys, livers, bloods, brains, mucus membranes)

(Mnemonic FaRD HaM, or whatever, fuck you)

31
Q

Staph toxic shock treatment

A

IVIG
anti-staphys
supportive care

32
Q

Diphtheria incubation period

A

2-4 days

33
Q

Diphtheria fever?

A

low grade or none

34
Q

Diphtheria snot

A

erosive (upper lip ulcers)

35
Q

Diphtheria neck

A

“bull neck”

36
Q

Diphtheria mouth

A

Nasty ass exudate in oropharynx, white to grey

37
Q

Diphtheria organs

A

Toxin fucks up the CNS, kidneys and heart all bad

38
Q

Diphtheria treatment

A

antitoxin and penicillin

39
Q

If you delay diphtheria antitoxin by 4 days

A

you just made your patient 20x more likely to die, dummy

40
Q

Who does pertussis kill most

A

4-10 week olds

41
Q

Pertussis treatment

A

Azith for 5 days, not very effective if started after cough begins

42
Q

Tetanus is _______

A

Hell

43
Q

What’s the terrible name for the facial expression common in tetanus

A

Risus sardonicus (sarcastic smile)

44
Q

Tetanus treatment

A

tetanus immunoglobulin

IV pc for 10-14 days or metronidazole

45
Q

How do infants get botulism

A

dirt and honey

46
Q

how do children and adults get botulism

A

injuries and home-canned shit and food

47
Q

botulism clinical syndrome

A

descending symmetrical paralysis, (cranial nerves in foodborne and wound)

48
Q

What is the title for a host in which parasites can bang?

A

definitive host

49
Q

What is the title for a host in which parasites don’t bang, but develop into a new stage

A

Intermediate host

50
Q

What is the title for a host that can get infected with parasites, but is not necessary for the parasites

A

incidental host

Infectious Disease (7 decks)

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