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Infectious Disease > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gram Stain Steps (5)

A

Fixation
Crystal Violet
Iodine (Red)
Decolorizer (+ remain purple, - becomes clear)
Safranin (+ remain purple, - becomes redpink)

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2
Q

Describe the cell wall of a gram positive bacterium (4)

A

Thick peptidoglycan layer (Positive, Purple, Peptido)
Teichoic acid
Lipoteichoic acid
Sensitive to lysozyme

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3
Q

Describe the cell wall of a gram negative bacterium (4)

A

Thin peptidoglycan layer
Periplasmic space
Outer membrane
Lipopolysaccharide

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4
Q

2 parts of lipopolysaccharide

A 
Lipid A (Endotoxin)
O antigen
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5
Q

6 organisms that are neither gram positive nor negative

A 
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma
Nocardia
Spirochaetes
Rickettsia
Chlamidya
(My My!  No spanking Rhianna's Clam)
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6
Q

Gram positive cocci in clusters

A

Staphylococcus

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7
Q

Gram positive cocci in clusters, coagulase positive

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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8
Q

All S. aureus produce

A

penicillinase

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9
Q

S. aureus are naturally found

A

on the skin

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10
Q

Gram positive cocci in clusters, coagulase negative

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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11
Q

Some S. epidermidis produce

A

beta-lactamase

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12
Q

Gram positive cocci in chains

A

Streptococcus and Enterococcus

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13
Q

Gram positive cocci in chains, beta-hemolytic

A

Strep groups A + B

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14
Q

Group A Strep species

A

S. pyogenes

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15
Q

Group B Strep species

A

S. agalactiae

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16
Q

S. pyogenes is _________ to bacitracin

A

sensitive

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17
Q

S. pyogenes is naturally found on / in

A

skin

pharynx

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18
Q

S. pyogenes systemic treatment

A

PCN +/- clindamycin

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19
Q

S. agalactiae is naturally found in

A

Vagina

20
Q

S. agalactiae systemic treatment

A

PCN

21
Q

Gram positive cocci in chains, alpha-hemolytic (2)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus viridans

22
Q

S. viridans is naturally found in

A

the mouth

23
Q

S. viridans systemic treatment

A

PCN, clindamycin

24
Q

Gram positive cocci in chains, may be alpha- or gamma-hemolytic

A

Enterococcus

25
Q

Enterococcus systemic treatment

A

Ampicillin (+gentamycin for endocarditis)

26
Q

Gram positive rods (3)

A

Corynebacterium
Listeria
Bacillus
(Corn-flavored Listerine: Positively Bad)

27
Q

Gram positive anaerobes (4)

A

Peptostreptococci
Actinomyces
Propionibacterium acnes
Clostridium

28
Q

Gram negative cocci (2)

A

Neisseria

Moraxella catarrhalis

29
Q

Neisseria needs __________ to culture

A

Chocolate agar

30
Q

Lactose fermenting gram negative rods (2)

A

E. coli

Klebsiella

31
Q

Hemolytic, non-lactose fermenting gram negative rods

A

E. coli

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

32
Q

Swarming gram negative rods

A

Proteus mirabilis

33
Q

Red and black non-lactose fermenting gram negative rods

A

Salmonella

34
Q

What inflammation mediators promote vasodilation? (3)

A

Histamine
Nitric Oxide
Prostaglandins

35
Q

What inflammation mediators promote vascular permeability? (5)

A 
Histamine
Complement
Bradykinin
Leukotrienes
TNF-alpha
36
Q

What inflammation mediators promote chemotaxis? (2)

A

IL-8

Complement

37
Q

What inflammation mediators promote fever? (4)

A

TNF-alpha
IL-1
IL-6
Prostaglandins

38
Q

What inflammation mediators promote pain? (2)

A

Prostaglandins

Bradykinin

39
Q

What inflammation mediators promote tissue damage? (2)

A

ROS

NO

40
Q

Typical first cells to be recruited to site of infection:

A

Neutrophils

41
Q

Who phagocytoses?

A

Neutrophils
Macrophages

(christians want to neuter the macro-phags)

42
Q

What opsonins enhance phagocytosis?

A

CRP
Complement
Antibodies (IgG and IgM)

(Think about a gay Crip: his phaggy love would be enhanced if you complement his (anti)body)

43
Q

Phagocytosis is more efficient if

A

T-cells promote through secretion of gamma-interferon, activating macrophages

(mild-mannered Phag gets accidentally gamma-irradiated by Mr. T, and activates the FABULOUS MACRO-PHAG)

44
Q

Two types of T cells

A

Helper

Cytotoxic

45
Q

What cell is a major source of cytokines

A

Helper T

46
Q

4 things an antibody does

A

Neutralize toxins and microbes
Promote phagocytosis
Promote natural killer cells to KILL
Activate complement

Infectious Disease (7 decks)

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