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Infectious Disease > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define passive immunization

A

Injection of purified antibody or antibody containing serum to provide rapid, temporary protection. (Also applies to how mommas grant some immunity to neonates, right?)

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2
Q

4 reasons for giving passive immunization

A

Post exposure prophylaxis
Ameliorate sx of ongoing disease
Replacement IVIG for immunodeficiency
Block action of toxins

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3
Q

vaccines provide _______ immunization

A

active

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4
Q

Live vaccines are especially helpful for this type of virus

A

enveloped

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5
Q

Live vaccines (5, technically 7)

A 
MMR
Oral polio
Smallpox
Yellow Fever
Chickenpox

Small Yellow Chickens give Oral maMMogRams (or whatever was on the slides, I don’t care)

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6
Q

Inactivated whole pathogen vaccines

A 
Inactivated polio (IPV)
Rabies
Influenza
Pertussis
Hep A

RIP IPV Hep A

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7
Q

Tdap vaccine type

A

Tetanus and Diphtheria toxoids, acellular pertussis

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8
Q

Conjugate vaccines

A

Pneumococcal
Meningococcal
HiB

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9
Q

Virus-like particle vaccines

A

Hep B?

HPV

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10
Q

Do vaccines work?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Are vaccines safe?

A

Absolutely not, they turn kids into autistic IV drug abusers with PTSD!

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12
Q

4 ways that organisms can get into the CNS

A

Direct inoculation (trauma, surgery)
Contiguous (sinuses)
Hematogenous (blood)
Neuronal (rabies creeps up your neurons from the site of the bite, that’s why it takes so long to get into the CNS. Neat, huh!?)

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13
Q

Meningitis organisms under 4 wk

A

Group B strep
E. coli
Listeria
[Neisseria gonorrhoeae (med school didn’t have this on slide, but I’ve seen it in other sources)]

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14
Q

> 4wk old meningitis organisms (3)

A

H flu (HiB)
Strep pneumo
Neisseria meningitidis

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15
Q

Empiric treatment, bacterial meningitis, less than 4 weeks

A

Ampicillin and Cefotaxime

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16
Q

> 50 years old, meningitis organisms (4)

A

H flu
Strep pneumo
Neisseria meningitidis
Listeria

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17
Q

Empiric treatment, bacterial meningitis, 4 wk to 50 years old

A

vanco + 3g cephalosporin

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18
Q

Empiric treatment, bacterial meningitis, >50 years old

A

vanco + 3g ceph + ampicillin

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19
Q

Immunocompromised bacterial meningitis organisms (7)

A 
H flu
Strep pneumo
Neisseria menin
Listeria
Gram negative rods
nosocomials
Staph
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20
Q

Immunocompromised bacterial meningitis empiric treatment

A

vanco + ceftazidime + ampicillin

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21
Q

post neurosurgery or trauma bacterial meningitis organisms

A

Staph aureus
Staph epidermis
GNR

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22
Q

post neurosurgery or trauma bacterial meningitis empiric treatment

A

vanco + ceftazidime

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23
Q

3 common organisms for chronic meningitis

A

TB
fungal
syphilis

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24
Q

One way that TB can be seen by microscope

A

cord factor (I didn’t know how to word the question, but it seems like the sort of shit that would be on a test)

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25
Q

Most common yeast

A

Candida albicans

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26
Q

Common fungal pneumonia in AIDS patients

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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27
Q

fungus of tinea versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis

A

Malassezia furfur

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28
Q

fungal infection from rosebush thorn

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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29
Q

Face fucking fungus (tears up your cheek and shit)

A

Zygomycosis

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30
Q

Histoplasmosis is common in

A

the south, duh.

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31
Q

Blastomycosis is common

A

east of the missisip’

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32
Q

coccidiomycosis is common

A

in the southwest

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33
Q

histo, blasto, and coccidiomycosis initial symptoms (if any)

A

flu like

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34
Q

Anti TB regimen

A

Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

35
Q

Hepatotoxic TB drugs

A

Isoniazid
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide

36
Q

TB drug that increases uric acid levels

A

Pyrazinamide

37
Q

TB drug that makes your secretions orange

A

Rifampin

38
Q

TB drug that blurs vision and causes color changes

A

Ethambutol

39
Q

TB drug that causes neuropathy

A

Isoniazid

40
Q

Preferred treatment of latent TB

A

Isoniazid daily for 9 months or

Isoniazid and Rifapentine weekly for 3 months

41
Q

Normal TB treatment duration

A

INH and RIF for 6 months with PZA and EMB for 2 months

42
Q

TB treatment duration with high risk of relapse (HIV)

A

INH and RIF for 9 months with PZA and EMB for 2 months

43
Q

Warfarin with Isoniazid

A

warfarin levels increase, so does bleeding risk

44
Q

Warfarin with rifampin

A

warfarin levels decrease, clotting risk increases

45
Q

MDR TB is resistant to at least

A

isoniazid and rifampin

46
Q

XDR TB is resistant to

A

isoniazid and rifampin and fluoroquinolone and at least 1 other option

47
Q

Treatment for M avium or intracellulare

A

clarithomycin and ethambutol and maybe rifabutin for a long ass time (should be culture negative for a year per epocrates)

48
Q

2 yeasts

A

Candida

Cryptococcus

49
Q

3 molds

A

Aspergillius
Mucorales (zygomycetes)
Fusarium

50
Q

3 dimorphic fungi

A

Coccidioides
Blastomyces
Histoplasma capsulatum

51
Q

List some risk factors for invasive candidiasis

A

Broad spectrum abx, Central line, ICU, abdominal surgery, necrotizing pancreatitis, blood malignancy, transplants, dialysis, steroids, chemo

52
Q

Amphotericin b coverage

A

damn near everything

53
Q

Amphotericin B adverse effects (2 major)

A 
Nephrotoxic
Electrolyte abnormalities (Na, K, Mg)
54
Q

Amphotericin B pretreatment (2-5)

A

Saline load (500 mL before and after)
APAP
Maybe Bennies, hydrocortisone, meperidine

55
Q

Fluconazole doesn’t cover

A

molds

56
Q

Itraconazole major reaction

A

negative inotropic effect

57
Q

Triazole adverse effects (3)

A

GI distubance
Hepatotoxic
Rash

58
Q

Voriconazole adverse effects

A

Visual and auditory hallucinations

59
Q

Echinocandins don’t cover

A

Some molds, all dimorphics

60
Q

Echinocandin adverse effects (2)

A

phlebitis

infusion related reactions

61
Q

Flucytosine (or whatever) common usage

A

cryptococcal meningitis

62
Q

2 major adverse effects of flucytosine

A

bone marrow suppression

hepatotoxic

63
Q

Typical community acquired pneumonia organisms (4ish)

A

Strep pneumo
H flu
Moraxella cats
Legionella (special risk)

64
Q

Atypical community acquired pneumonia organisms (5)

A 
Mycoplasma pneumo
Chlamydia pneumo
Influenza A+B
Adenovirus
RSV (not Rous Sarcoma Virus, the REAL RSV)
65
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia common organisms (4)

A

MRSA
Pseudomonas aerugenosa
Acinetobacter baumanii
E coli

66
Q

Common aspiration pneumonia organisms (2)

A

Peptostreptococcus

Fusobacterium

67
Q

Common lung abscess and necrotizing pneumonia organisms (4)

A

Oral anaerobes
Staph aureus
Strep pneumo
Klebsiella pneumo

68
Q

Chronic pneumonia common organisms (5)

A 
Nocardia
Actinomyces
TB
Non TB mycos
Endemic mycoses
69
Q

Endemic mycosis in the southwest

A

Coccidioides immitus

70
Q

Endemic mycosis in the south

A

Incest.

Wait, no, Histoplasmosis

71
Q

Endemic mycosis east of the missisip’

A

Blastomycosis (blast up on some terries)

72
Q

Worrisome bacteria for conjunctivitis

A

Pseudomonas

73
Q

Dendritic whatnots on the cornea with fluorescein stain

A

Herps

74
Q

Whatcha do if you see a herp on the tip of the nose

A

Git some systemic antivirals in there, and refer to ophtho

75
Q

Leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide

A

ocular trachoma

76
Q

Organism causing ocular trachoma

A

chlamidya

77
Q

What’s the fancy medical name for the pus-puddle in the anterior chamber of the eye

A

pussy eye

JK, hypopion

78
Q

hypopion is a sign of

A

endophthalmitis

79
Q

endophthalmitis treatment

A

jam a fucking needle in their eyeball and squirt some abx in it. Also systemic abx

80
Q

what antifungal penetrates the vitreous humor best

A

fluconazole

81
Q

How to tell the difference between preseptal and postseptal orbital cellulitis

A

Postseptal has pain with eye movement and diplopia

82
Q

preseptal cellulitis treatment

A

cephalexin

83
Q

4 organisms for neonatal conjunctivitis

A

Chlamydia
Neisseria gono
Herpes simplex
Staph aureus

84
Q

neonatal conjunctivitis treatment

A

erythromycin ointment, maybe systemic abx

Infectious Disease (7 decks)

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