Week 5

Question 1

Adjectives attach to __

Adverbs attach to ___

Answer 1

N’

V’

Question 2

Adverbs modify the verb and its complements but they do so before the ___ combines with the ___

Answer 2

verb, subject

Question 3

What is the semantic type of the projection adverbs and adjectives attach to?

Answer 3

e,t

Question 4

VPs without the subject denote an ___

Answer 4

event

Question 5

verbs (together with their complements) denote ____

Answer 5

properties of an event

Question 6

only adverbs (and adjectives) that attach at the level, combine with their __ by ___ as ___

Answer 6

sister

modification, intersection

Question 7

modification as intersection =

Answer 7

adjunction

Question 8

saturation = not

Answer 8

adjunction

Question 9

“the” is something that…

Answer 9

takes a property, i.e., a set of individuals for which the property is true
…and returns exactly one of the individuals from this set

Question 10

“a(n)” is something that…

Answer 10

takes a property, i.e., a set of individuals for which the property is true…and returns exactly one of the individuals from this set

Question 11

“the”

Answer 11

“old” / previously mentioned / shared common ground

• (the most) salient • unique

Question 12

“an”

Answer 12

new

• not currently present in the common ground

Question 13

“the” vs “an”

admissibility conditions:

Answer 13

• “the” may be used only for things we (the speaker and the hearer) have agreed on as being present in our common ground/ situation and we’re able to agree on exactly one instance of such an individual (salient etc.)
• “a(n)” may be used only for things we haven’t agree on as being already present in our common ground/situation

Question 14

• we’ve already seen that adjectives (if modifying a noun) are __, i.e., attached to ___
• ___ are adjuncts as well, they attach to ___

Answer 14

• adjuncts, N’

- adverbs, V’

Question 15

adverbs modify the __ and its complements

but they do so before the verb combines with the __

Answer 15

-verb, subject

Question 16

Adverbs attach to the same type as adjectives: but why?

Answer 16

well, they attach at the point when the predicate is almost saturated — the only missing argument is the subject, i.e., e

Question 17

Adverbs denote…

Give an example

Answer 17

• properties of an event

- loudly: property of a loud event

Question 18

How do we combine VPs without the subject and adverbs?

Answer 18

adverbial adjuncts combine with V’ by modification as intersection

Question 19

• if Bruno eats oatmeal loudly it must be true that …
• we have two properties of events:
• it is the ___ of these two properties that denotes the meaning

Answer 19

• Bruno eats oatmeal and that he does something in a loud manner
• property of eating oatmeal and property of a loud event
• intersection

Question 20

modification as intersection doesn’t work so well for other types of adjectives like:
-give examples

Answer 20

subject oriented (intentionally), object-oriented (finely) and speaker-oriented (surprisingly)

Question 21

These other adverbs that don’t work with modification as intersection don’t attach to __ in syntax like adverbs that do work with that process

Answer 21

V bar

Question 22

only adverbs (and adjectives) that attach at the ___ level, combine with their sister by ____

Answer 22

, modification as intersection

Question 23

-whenever two sister nodes combine by ____ (i.e., one node is an argument of the other node), this is not adjunction

Answer 23

-saturation

Question 24

-whenever two sister nodes combine by _______ (i.e., both nodes are of type ), this is adjunction

Answer 24

modification as intersection

Question 25

Proper names cannot have ___

Answer 25

intensions

Question 26

what is the difference between “the” and “a(n)”?

Answer 26

“the”
• “old” / previously mentioned / shared common ground
• (the most) salient • unique

“a(n)”
• new
• not currently present in the common ground