Week 2 Flashcards
What does it mean that ‘p and q are contrary’
the set of worlds in which p is true is disjoint from the set of worlds in which q is true; the intersection is empty
What is the relation between the following two sentences: “I have blue eyes” “I have purple eyes”?
the sentences are contrary
What does it mean if p entails q?
if p is true then q must be true; if q is true this doesn’t mean that p is true
What are intuitive semantic relationships?
- easily definable in the truth-conditional framework
- truth-conditions may be constructed as sets of possible worlds
What does it mean that ‘p and q are synonymous’?
the set of possible worlds in which p is true equals to the set of possible worlds in which q is true
What does it mean when two propositions are contrary?
p and q can’t be simultaneously true but they both could be false
What does it mean when two propositions are contradictory?
if p is true, q must be false and vice versa
What is a tautology?
p is a tautology if p must always be true
What is the meaning of a question?
the set of its possible answers
What is the meaning of an imperative?
an instruction as to what truth conditions are desirable to hold in the relevant world
What is the meaning of an exclamative?
the sentence is true in the set of possible worlds in which the speaker values
What is meant by compositionality?
The meaning of the whole is systematically determined by the meaning of its parts
What is the meaning of names?
their reference (in the actual or a possible world)
What is an individual?
something that refers; can be an object or a person
What is intension?
the function determining the reference of a word/phrase
What is extension?
the value of the function determining the reference of a word/phrase
THE CURRENT TEMPERATURE. give intension and extension
INTENSION:WHATEVER THE THERMOMETER SAYS EXTENSION: -4°C (OR WHATEVER)
What is saturation?
making an incomplete semantic object (like a property) more complete by filling in a missing par
-predication brings about the saturation of a property
What is predication?
the grammatical relationship between a predicate and a subject
What is a property?
- a semantic object
- the sort of thing which a predicate denotes
- an unsaturated proposition
- typically the noun phrase which comes before the predicate
predication is saturation. intuitively, ____ skis is true only if after we fill the gap with a ___, we get something that is ___
referent, true
two points
____ skis
- we know that this is an incomplete proposition
2. we know what we need to fill in to get a complete proposition
Do you think that subjects combine with V by the same process of saturation that complements combine with V?
yes, subjects are selected by V
What is the syntactic position of adjuncts?
daughter to bar level, sister to bar level
What word BEST fills in the blank “X can semantically saturate Y only if X is a _______ of Y”
sister
When does subject combine to the rest of the sentence in the process of saturation?
after the verb is combined with the complement and adjuncts
What is a predicate?
unsaturated proposition, property
What is needed as the input for a one-place predicate? What is the output of a one- place predicate?
individual; whether it is true or false
What is the semantic type of a property?
What is the semantic type of an entity/individual?
e
What is the semantic type of truth-condition?
t
:
a function which input is e and the output is t
