Week 5 Flashcards
Psychoactive Substance
Chemical that acts on the central nervous system where it affects brain function - altering an individuals emotions, perceptions or thoughts
- cocaine, heroine, amphetamines, nicotine, caffeine, alcohol, prescription
- paint thinner, fuel, antifreeze if intentionally consumed for euphoria
Substance Use Disorders
Category of Substance-Related Disorder
- Substance Dependence
- Substance Abuse
Substance Induced Disorders
Category of Substance-Related Disorder
- Substance Intoxication
- Substance Withdrawal
Temporary states, in order to receive this diagnosis, the individual must be in these temporary states during assessment
Must be experiencing CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT harmful/negative behavioural effects or psychological effects.
Substance Dependence
Within SUB-USE DISORDERS
repeated pattern of use resulting in
- tolerance
- withdraw
- cravings
- want to “cut back” but can’t
Substance Abuse
Within SUB-USE DISORDERS
Must meet 1 of the 4 criteria:
- Repeated use is causing MISSING important obligations - skipping school, missing work
- Repeated use is putting individual in dangerous situations - drinking & driving
- Repeated use is causing legal problems - possession or arrested for public intoxication
- Continued use is causing problems in personal relationships - maybe about the frequency of use
Substance Intoxication
Within the SUB-INDUCED DISORDERS
Experiencing clinically significant harmful/negative behavioural changes or psychological effects while under the influence of psychoactive drugs.F
Substance Withdrawal
Within the SUB-INDUCED DISORDERS
Experiencing clinically significant harmful/negative behavioural changes or psychological effects due to recently stopping the prolonged use of psychoactive drugs.
Schizophrenia Symptoms POSITIVE
Positive = presence
you get something from the disease
So Positive Symptoms is over-functioning (excess or distortion) of a normal function
- delusions
- hallucinations
- unwanted thoughts
- disorganized catatonic behaviour
Schizophrenia Symptoms NEGATIVE
Negative = absence
you lose something from the disease
So Negative Symptoms is loss of function (diminution) of a normal function
- flattened affect
- slow speech
- slow movement
Schizophrenia
- a psychological disorder
- symptoms lasting 6 months
- 1 month of active phase symptom
- 5 different types of schizophrenia
- must have 2 of these following symptoms
symptoms are:
- hallucinations
- delusions
- disorganized speech
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviour
- negative symptoms (flattened affect - slow speech & movement)
Exception to the rule of 2 symptoms
- bizarre delusions
- commentary of life hallucinations
- 2 or more voices conversing
Schizophreniform Disorder
Type of Schizophrenia
- experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia
- lasting 1-6 months only
Schizoaffective Disorder
Type of Schizophrenia
- experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia
- while also experiencing a mood episode (major depression)
Symptom: Catatonic Behaviour
Neurological motor control not functioning
- individual may sit still not moving for a long period of time
Symptom: Bizarre Delusions
Classified as delusions that are not possible of actually happening
- thinking you are Jesus Christ
- thinking you have control over others’ thoughts
Other Psychotic Disorders
- Delusional Disorder
- Brief Psychotic Disorder
- Shared Psychotic Disorder
- Substance Induced Disorder
Delusional Disorder
Experiencing non bizarre delusions
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Symptoms of psychotic episodes lasting from 1 day-1 month
Shared Psychotic Disorder
When someone you are close to is affected my psychotic disorder and you start experiencing psychotic episode symptoms.
Substance Induced Disorder
The psychoactive symptoms are a direct result of taking psychoactive drugs or exposure to a toxin.
Diathesis
An individual’s vulnerability, tendency or predisposition.
Mood Disorders
- Major Depression Disorder
- Dysthymic Disorder
- Bipolar I Disorder
- Bipolar II Disorder
- Cyclothymic Disorder
Major Depression Disorder
- intense depressed mood
- loss of enjoyment of activities
- lasting at least 2 weeks
- has at least 4 severe symptoms
severe symptoms are:
- suicidality
- sleep disturbance
- appetite disturbance
- loss of concentration
- loss of energy
- worthlessness
Dysthymic Disorder
- chronic depressed mood
- lasting at least 2 years
- no severe symptoms (so not major depression)
Bipolar I Disorder - Manic Episode
Period of abnormally “elevated” behaviour lasting at least one week and has 3 of either
- feelings of grandiosity
- decreased need for sleep
- racing thoughts
- pressured speech (rapid, loud, chatty)
Bipolar I Disorder
A manic episode alternated with a major depressive episode
( at least 1 manic : 1 depressive)
OR
Mixed episodes: mood rapidly fluctuates between periods of sadness and euphoria
Bipolar II Disorder - Hypomanic Episode
Period of abnormal “elevated” behaviour lasting 4 days or less ONLY and has 3 of either
- feelings of grandiosity
- decreased need for sleep
- racing thoughts
- pressured speech (loud, rapid and chatty)
Bipolar II Disorder
A hypomanic episode alternated with a major depressive episode (at least 1:1)
Cyclothymic Disorder
- at least 2 years of cycling between mild manic episodes and mild depression.
Hypomania & depression back and forth instead of full blown mania and full blown major depression.
Do not experience hypomania severely enough to be considered a manic episode.
Double Depression
Dysthymia is less severe than major depressive disorder but much more chronic. If you experience a period of major depression while you have dysthymia disorder it is known as double depression.
(SAD) Seasonal Affective Disorder
In the northern hemisphere this occurs during DEC-MAR winter months.
- sleep too much
- eat too much
- problems with the biological clock/circadian rhythms
Serotonin may be responsible since it regulates sleep cycles, appetite and energy.
Cognitive-Behavioral contributions to depression
Negative attitude/outlook on life may not be only a symptom, it may also be one of the causes.
Hallucinations
False perceptions of reality (hearing/seeing voices/people)
Delusions
False beliefs about reality.
