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PSYCH > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Risk Factors

A

How predisposed a person is to having a mental disorder. There are 3 factors.

Biological

Psychological

Socio-cultural

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2
Q

Clinically significant

A

A measure of how marked, substantial or significant the symptoms are that the person would benefit from professional treatment. This is judged by a clinician.

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3
Q

DSM-IV-TR

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (The IV is 4, TR is text revision)

The primary North American Reference for mental disorders. 4th edition.

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4
Q

Three-prong test

A

Test to determine clinical significance.

Ask yourself three things to determine if the individual has a mental disorder:

  1. Does the behaviour interfere with normal daily life?
  2. Are the behaviours expected reactions to their environments?
  3. Are the behaviours freely chosen or are they a manifestation of dysfunction?
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5
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

Category of Mental Disorder:

An irrational fear of something or a situation that isn’t actually dangerous.

  • Specific Phobia
  • Panic Disorder (panic attacks are different)
  • Agoraphobia
  • Social Phobia/Social Anxiety
  • OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)
  • PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)
  • GAD (General Anxiety Disorder)
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6
Q

Specific Phobia

A

An irrational fear of a particular stimuli or situation that presents no danger.

THINK: heights, dogs, spiders, sharks

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7
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Experiencing panic attacks without any stimuli or feeling of fear.

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8
Q

Panic Attack

A

A physiological reaction to stimuli that presents no real threat.

THINK: sweating, heart rate increase, shortness of breath.

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9
Q

Agoraphobia

A

The fear of experiencing symptoms of a panic attack in public and being evaluated by others during the attack.

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10
Q

Social Phobia/ Social Anxiety

A

Experiencing symptoms of anxiety from being in a social situation of from the fear of being evaluated by others.

THINK: They’ll think I’m boring.

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11
Q

Obsessions

A

Re-occuring and unwanted thoughts or images that constantly come to mind even though they are known to be irrational.

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12
Q

Compulsions

A

Repetitive acts or rituals that must be carried out in order for the individual to feel like they are reducing their anxiety.

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13
Q

OCD

A

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Usually have obsessions or compulsions but not both.

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14
Q

PTSD

A

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Occurs after a traumatic experience but prolongs for longer than should. Re-occuring flashbacks, dreams and make the individual re-experience the traumatic event and is triggered by specific stimuli that remind them of the event.

Symptoms: trouble sleeping, trouble concentrating, triggered by specific stimuli, flashbacks, feeling that they live in a dangerous world, vulnerability, unable to love or feel close to others.

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15
Q

GAD

A

General Anxiety Disorder

Constant worry of everyday events. Triggered by anything.

Symptoms: trouble sleeping, trouble concentrating, constant worry, everyday triggers.

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16
Q

Somatoform Disorders

A

Category of Mental Disorder:

Involve physical symptoms of a medical illness although no medical cause can be detected.

  • Somatization Disorder
  • Undifferentiated Somatization Disorder
  • Conversion Disorder
  • Pain Disorder
  • Hypochondriasis
  • Body Dysmorphic

SUCPHB

17
Q

Somatization Disorder

A

Lots of physical symptoms for several years that can not be explained of medical causes. Symptoms have to be - gastro-intestinal, sexual, pseudo-neurological.

18
Q

Undifferentiated Somatization Disorder

A

Physical symptoms for at least 6 months with no explanation due to medical cause. But doesn’t meet the threshold to be considered a somatization disorder.

19
Q

Conversion

A

Loss of motor control or sensory functioning that appear to be a neurological condition but no evidence due to medical causes. Must be a psychological disorder due to a psychological trauma.

THINK: Little boy in the secret garden

20
Q

Pain Disorder

A

Significant pain after a psychological trauma

21
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

Preoccupation to having a serious medical condition despite evidence of not having one.

22
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A

Preoccupation with a part of the body. Thought that it is defective (imagined or exaggerated).

THINK: toe in killbill

23
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

Category of Mental Disorder:

Involve loss or confusion of consciousness, identity, memory, perception.

  • Dissociative Amnesia
  • Dissociative Fugue
  • Dissociative Identity Disorder
  • Depersonalization Disorder

AFID

24
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

In response to a traumatic event, forgetting important personal info.

25
Q

Dissociative Fugue

A

One day, for no apparent reason leaving work/home and moving away, forgetting who you are and where you came from. Making new identity.

26
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

DID

Having the presence of 2 or more distinct personalities within an individual. “Alters” Different behaviour guided by diff personalities at diff times.

THINK: football player video

27
Q

Depersonalization Disorder

A

Sensation that one is detached or outside one’s body.

28
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Category of Mental Disorder:

Hardest to diagnose and most controversial of the disorders.

  • Anti-social Personality Disorder
  • Borderline Personality Disorder
29
Q

Anti-social Personality Disorder

A
  • lack of empathy/ remorse
  • lying
  • cheating
  • law breaking
30
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A
  • low self worth
  • unstable relationships
  • mood control problems
  • inflict pain on themselves
  • fear of abandonment
31
Q

Abnormal Psychology

A

The study of mental illness

32
Q

Maladaptive Behaviour

A

This type of behaviour determines if the individual can be considered “abnormal” or just a bit quirky.

  • Behaviour causes stress to self/others
  • Behaviour impairs daily functioning
  • Behaviour increases the risk of detrimental consequences: injury, death, legal problems, punishment
33
Q

Etiology

A

The origins/causes of symptoms of mental disorders (In the DSM-IV each disorder has an etiology).

34
Q

Prognosis

A

How the symptoms will persist or change over time if no treatment is sought out. (In the DSM-IV each disorder is given a prognosis).

35
Q

Insanity Defence

A

A legal term. Stating that the criminal did not know the difference between right and wrong at the time of the crime.

THINK: Mom who drowned her 5 babies showed no remorse and thought she was acting in the right mindset where some criminals show remorse for their acts.

36
Q

Stigma

A

The cultural ideas that go along with “labelling” a mental disorder. Negative stereotypes which can lead to discrimination.

37
Q

Categorical vs. Dimensional

A

Way of viewing a mental disorder.

Categorical: Do they have it? Yes or No.

Dimensional: Are some symptoms present? Do they show some signs of a mental disorder but not all symptoms? Can they be places on a spectrum or continuum?

38
Q

Medical model & Biopsychosocial Model

A

Used together to identify, diagnose and recommend treatment for psychological disorders. Medical - just like a medical condition like diabetes, psychological disorders have symptoms and probable causes.

Biological - there are underlying physiological reasons that explain why individuals with mental disorders feel the way they do

Psychological - attitude and outlook on life with negative beliefs are all psychological factors

Social - The environment that has facilitated or helped to prevent a psychological disorder

39
Q

Static Factors vs. Dynamic Factors

A

Static Factors are things that you can’t change. They alway stay the same

THINK: prior convictions (will never change)

Dynamic Factors are things that can be changed and these will be targeted in treatment

THINK: attitudes and mental heath

PSYCH (15 decks)

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