Week 4.2 Hematologic Disease Flashcards
what organs are involved in the hematopoietic system
lymph nodes, spleen kidneys thymus bone marrow liver
the components of whole blood
plasmas (antibodies, nutrients and removes waste)
erythrocytes (RBC: hemoglobin and O2 and CO2 transport)
leukocytes (WBC: immune response)
thrombocytes (Platelets: controls clotting)
are primary hematologic diseases common
not really
what kinds of blood diseases are common
from medications
what can long term use of NSAIDs causes
gastric and peptic ulcers, bleeding and iron deficiency
what can chemotherapy cause
leukopenia, which can cause infection and flu like symptoms of fever, shills, tissue inflammation, mucus membrane ulcers, mouth throat and esophageal pain
what kinds of treatment can cause thrombocytopenia and what is this
decreased platelets can lead to easily bruising and spontaneous bleeding, which can be caused by RA or cancer treatment
what are the two main considerations PT must consider with patients
bleeding and clotting
what are minimal effort physical exertion symptoms
dyspnea chest pain palpitations severe weakness fatigue
what are integumentary symptoms
pallor of the hands, nails and lips,
cyanosis or clubbing
wounds
easily bleeding and bruising
what are some life threatening symptoms
blood in stool or pain and swelling in joints
what are the common erythrocyte disorders
anemia (too few)
polycythemia (too many)
poikilocytosis
abnormally shaped erythrocytes
anisocytosis
abnormal variation in size of erythrocytes
hypochromia
erythrocytes deficient in Hg
is anemia a disease or symptom
symptom
what is anemia
reduction in the O2 capacity of blood due to abnormal quality or quantity of RBC
what can cause anemia
blood loss,
increased destruction of erythrocytes
decreased proaction of erythrocytes
what are risk factors for anemia
diet deficiency of B12
intestinal disorders
menstruation
pregnancy
chronic conditions (kidney failure, diabetes, ulcers)
family hx
infections, blood diseases, autoimmune, chemicals, medications
what are the 4 broad categories of anemia
iron deficiency
chronic disease or inflammatory
neurologic conditions
infectious diseases
what is the most common form of iron deficiency
GI bleeding from NSAIDS
what is pernicious anemia
can’t make enough RBC because not enough B12. at an increased risk hip fracture
what are some infectious diseases that cause anemia
TB, cancer, AIDS
when might people start showing symptoms
when hematocrit drops below 1/2 of normal
anemia S+S
- skin pallor
- fatigue
- dyspnea with exertion
- chest pain
- decreased diastolic BP
- NS malfunctions (HA, drowsy, dizzy, slow though processes, depression, polyneuropathy)
what physical characteristics do we want to observe if we suspect anemia
skin color, warmth nail beds, oral mucosa and conjunctiva
how do we want to test the skin
at heart level
what is sickle cell
abnormal shape of RBC, they cannot enter the cells anymore because they lost the ability to deform. This can cause severe pain, infections, organ damage.
what 2 things results from sickle cell anemia
chronic hemolytic anemia and vasoocclusion
does sickle cell have a lower than normal RBS count
yes, because they die more quickly, and the body cannot make up for it
sickle cell S+S
pain, bone and joint episodes, vascular complications, Pulmonary episodes, neurologic manifestations, hand and foot syndrome, splenic sequestration, renal complications
what is Polycythemia (AKA…)
erythrocytosis
to many RBC
from dehydration, or men over 60.
increased risk of platelet aggregation and clots, increased blood volume and blood viscosity
S+S of polycythemia
gout, SOB, HA, dizzy, AMS, fatigue, clubbing fingers, bruising, HTN, blurred, splenomegaly, cyanosis, fainting, weight loss, irritability.
