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Advanced Clinical Practice Complex Patient > Week 4.2 Hematologic Disease > Flashcards

Week 4.2 Hematologic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what organs are involved in the hematopoietic system

A 
lymph nodes, 
spleen 
kidneys 
thymus 
bone marrow 
liver
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2
Q

the components of whole blood

A

plasmas (antibodies, nutrients and removes waste)
erythrocytes (RBC: hemoglobin and O2 and CO2 transport)
leukocytes (WBC: immune response)
thrombocytes (Platelets: controls clotting)

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3
Q

are primary hematologic diseases common

A

not really

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4
Q

what kinds of blood diseases are common

A

from medications

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5
Q

what can long term use of NSAIDs causes

A

gastric and peptic ulcers, bleeding and iron deficiency

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6
Q

what can chemotherapy cause

A

leukopenia, which can cause infection and flu like symptoms of fever, shills, tissue inflammation, mucus membrane ulcers, mouth throat and esophageal pain

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7
Q

what kinds of treatment can cause thrombocytopenia and what is this

A

decreased platelets can lead to easily bruising and spontaneous bleeding, which can be caused by RA or cancer treatment

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8
Q

what are the two main considerations PT must consider with patients

A

bleeding and clotting

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9
Q

what are minimal effort physical exertion symptoms

A 
dyspnea 
chest pain 
palpitations 
severe weakness 
fatigue
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10
Q

what are integumentary symptoms

A

pallor of the hands, nails and lips,
cyanosis or clubbing
wounds
easily bleeding and bruising

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11
Q

what are some life threatening symptoms

A

blood in stool or pain and swelling in joints

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12
Q

what are the common erythrocyte disorders

A

anemia (too few)

polycythemia (too many)

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13
Q

poikilocytosis

A

abnormally shaped erythrocytes

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14
Q

anisocytosis

A

abnormal variation in size of erythrocytes

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15
Q

hypochromia

A

erythrocytes deficient in Hg

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16
Q

is anemia a disease or symptom

A

symptom

17
Q

what is anemia

A

reduction in the O2 capacity of blood due to abnormal quality or quantity of RBC

18
Q

what can cause anemia

A

blood loss,
increased destruction of erythrocytes
decreased proaction of erythrocytes

19
Q

what are risk factors for anemia

A

diet deficiency of B12
intestinal disorders
menstruation
pregnancy
chronic conditions (kidney failure, diabetes, ulcers)
family hx
infections, blood diseases, autoimmune, chemicals, medications

20
Q

what are the 4 broad categories of anemia

A

iron deficiency
chronic disease or inflammatory
neurologic conditions
infectious diseases

21
Q

what is the most common form of iron deficiency

A

GI bleeding from NSAIDS

22
Q

what is pernicious anemia

A

can’t make enough RBC because not enough B12. at an increased risk hip fracture

23
Q

what are some infectious diseases that cause anemia

A

TB, cancer, AIDS

24
Q

when might people start showing symptoms

A

when hematocrit drops below 1/2 of normal

25
Q

anemia S+S

A
  • skin pallor
  • fatigue
  • dyspnea with exertion
  • chest pain
  • decreased diastolic BP
  • NS malfunctions (HA, drowsy, dizzy, slow though processes, depression, polyneuropathy)
26
Q

what physical characteristics do we want to observe if we suspect anemia

A

skin color, warmth nail beds, oral mucosa and conjunctiva

27
Q

how do we want to test the skin

A

at heart level

28
Q

what is sickle cell

A

abnormal shape of RBC, they cannot enter the cells anymore because they lost the ability to deform. This can cause severe pain, infections, organ damage.

29
Q

what 2 things results from sickle cell anemia

A

chronic hemolytic anemia and vasoocclusion

30
Q

does sickle cell have a lower than normal RBS count

A

yes, because they die more quickly, and the body cannot make up for it

31
Q

sickle cell S+S

A

pain, bone and joint episodes, vascular complications, Pulmonary episodes, neurologic manifestations, hand and foot syndrome, splenic sequestration, renal complications

32
Q

what is Polycythemia (AKA…)

A

erythrocytosis
to many RBC
from dehydration, or men over 60.
increased risk of platelet aggregation and clots, increased blood volume and blood viscosity

33
Q

S+S of polycythemia

A

gout, SOB, HA, dizzy, AMS, fatigue, clubbing fingers, bruising, HTN, blurred, splenomegaly, cyanosis, fainting, weight loss, irritability.

Advanced Clinical Practice Complex Patient (16 decks)

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