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Advanced Clinical Practice Complex Patient > Week 2.4 Infectious Disease Agents and Classifications > Flashcards

Week 2.4 Infectious Disease Agents and Classifications Flashcards

1
Q

infectious disease aka

A

communicable disease

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2
Q

what is the definition of an infectious disease

A

lines caused by a specific infectious agent or its toxic product that results from transmission of the age from an infected person, animal reservoir, to a host, either directly or indirectly through an intermediate plant or animal host, or an inanimate object,

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3
Q

what are some things that affect the immune system

A 
pregnancy 
pre-existing conditions, chronic disease 
malignancy 
immunosuppressive disorders 
stress
malnutrition 
age
lymph node dissections 
corticosteroids, chemo, radiation
indwelling  lines and tubes
implante devices 
obesity
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4
Q

what is a virus

A

a sub cellular organism made up only of a ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) covered with proteins

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5
Q

why are viruses hard to treat

A

they have rapid replication and high mutation rates

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6
Q

most (but not all) viruses are…

A

self-limiting, meaning that don’t need a specific antiviral therapy

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7
Q

TF: antibiotics are effective on viruses

A

false, they are not

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8
Q

there are antiviral drugs for what 4 things

A

HIV, herpes, hepatitis, influenza

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9
Q

TF antiviral drugs are subject to resistance

A

true

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10
Q

what are some examples of viruses

A

SARS-CoV-2, influenza, herpes, hepatitis, meningitis, pneumonia, common cold

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11
Q

what is bacteria

A

single cell microorganism with a well defined cell walls that can grow independently on artificial media, without the need for other cells.

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12
Q

bacteria are classified by

A

shape and oxygen need

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13
Q

what constitutes about 38% of pathogen

A

bacteria

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14
Q

bacteria is treated with

A

antibiotics (but it needs to be specific)

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15
Q

what are some examples of viruses

A

strep, staph, clostridium, E.Coli.

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16
Q

what is fungi

A

a single celled or multicellular organism

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17
Q

what are the two forms of fungi

A

true pathogen

opportunistic pathogen

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18
Q

what is a true pathogen

A

causes infections in healthy people, like histoplasmosis, and coccidiodomycosis.

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19
Q

what is an opportunistic pathogen

A

causes infections in immunocompromised people, like aspergillosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis.

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20
Q

what is a common fungi, and what does it cause

A

yeast, and it causes thrush, diaper rash and athletes foot

21
Q

fungi is used to develop

A

antibiotics, antitoxins, and other drugs

22
Q

how do you treat fungi

A

antifungals or antivirals applied directly to the skin, or injected if serious infection

23
Q

what are parasites

A

an organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of its host

24
Q

where are parasites more common

A

in rural areas, or developing areas

25
Q

what is the mode of transmission for parasites

A

through the mouth or the skin

26
Q

what are common types of parasites

A

pinworms, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis, intestinal infections, giardiasis, and cryptosporidosis, malaria.

27
Q

how do you treat parasites

A

anti parasitic drugs,

28
Q

what are prions

A

infectious agents composed entirely of protein material that can fold in multiple, structurally distinct ways leading to disease that is similar to a viral infection

29
Q

how are prions transmitted

A

animal to human

30
Q

what are prions characterized by

A

long latent intervals in the host, that when reactivated cause a rapidly progressive deteriorating state

31
Q

what are some examples of prions

A

cruetzfeldt Jakob, mad cow

32
Q

is there a treatment for prions

A

no

33
Q

what are some areas of attack

A 
generalized or systemic
organ systems
CNS
hematological 
skin and soft tissue 
musculoskeletal 
bone
34
Q

what is direct contact transmission

A
  • person to person (touch, droplet, sex, feces)
  • bites from insects or animals
  • mother to unborn child, placenta or the vaginal canal during delivery
35
Q

what is indirect contact transmission

A
  • contact with a contaminated surface, object, food, blood, water.
  • Can travel through the air
36
Q

what are the BIG 5 infectious diseases, according to the WHO

A 
pneumonia 
diarrhea
HIV/AIDS
tuberculosis 
malaria
37
Q

what is sepsis

A

a life threatening complication of infection occurring when the immune reaction to infection triggers an inflammatory response throughout the body, the inflammation can trigger a cascade of changes that will damage organs, and causes failure.

38
Q

what patient populations are at high risk for sepsis

A

older adults and immunocompromised

39
Q

what are the three stages of sepsis

A

sepsis
severe sepsis
septic shock

40
Q

what is the sepsis stage

A

confirmed infection with at least 2 of the following

  • body temp over 101 or below 96.8
  • HR >90bpm
  • RR>20 breaths per minute
41
Q

what is the severe sepsis stage

A

at least one of the following s/s indicating organ failure

  • decreased urine output
  • abrupt AMS
  • decreased platelet count
  • difficulty breathing
  • abnormal heart pump function
  • abdominal pain
42
Q

what is septic shock

A

all the s/s of severe sepsis, with extreme hypotension that does not respond to fluids.

43
Q

what are risk factors for sepsis

A 
old or very young
immunocompromised
hospitalization in ICU 
wounds or injuries (burns)
invasive devices like catheter or intubated
antibiotic resistant bacteria
44
Q

what are compilation with sepsis

A

impaired organ function
blood clots
death

45
Q

___ burden is greater than HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria, combined

A

health care associated infections (HAI)

46
Q

what are the 5 most common HAI

A 
e.coli
staph 
enterococcus faecalis 
pseudomonas aeruginosa 
Candida albicans
47
Q

what are common sites for HAI

A

UTI, surgical wounds, joints, lower respiratory tracts

48
Q

risk factors for HAI

A 
age
immunodeficiency/immunosuppressed
misused antibiotics
invasive diagnostics and procedures 
agitation 
surgery, burns
length hospitalization

Advanced Clinical Practice Complex Patient (16 decks)

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