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Neuroscience > Week 4: Sensory Systems (limited pathway information) > Flashcards

Week 4: Sensory Systems (limited pathway information) Flashcards

1
Q

What is somatosensory?

A

Bodily sensations of touch, pain, temperature, vibration, and proprioception.

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2
Q

somatosensory information is received from sensory receptors in:

A 
skin
joints
ligaments
muscle 
fascia
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3
Q

Free nerve endings are responsible for:

Do they have large receptor fields, small receptor fields or both?

A

temperature
pain
crude touch

They have large or small receptor fields.

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4
Q

Merkel cells are responsible for:

Do they have large receptor fields, small receptor fields or both?

A

shape and texture of light touch

small receptor fields

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5
Q

Meissner corpuscles are responsible for:

Do they have large receptor fields, small receptor fields or both?

A

motion detection and grip control of light touch

small receptor fields

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6
Q

Ruffini endings are responsible for:

Do they have large receptor fields, small receptor fields or both?

A
  • stretching of the skin (which supplies secondary info regarding proprioception)
  • vibration and pressure

Large receptor fields

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7
Q

Pacinian corpuscles are responsible for:

Do they have large receptor fields, small receptor fields or both?

A

vibration and pressure

large receptor fields

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8
Q

What is proprioception?

A

the sense of a joint/ limb position in space

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9
Q

What 3 things contribute to proprioception?

A
  • muscle spindles
  • Golgi tendon organs
  • joint receptors
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10
Q

Muscle spindles can trigger what 2 responses?

A

muscle contraction and antagonist inhibition.

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11
Q

What fibers included in muscle spindles are responsible for stretching the muscle rather than contracting?

A

intrafusal fibers

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12
Q

Muscle spindle can be categorized by how ______ or how _______ they are stretched.

A

fast; far

synonymous with RATE and DEGREE

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13
Q

Muscle spindles are crucial to:

A

the myotatic (stretch) reflex

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14
Q

Golgi tendons are located:

A

near the muscle tendon junction

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15
Q

Golgi tendon organs monitors ________ within the tendons

A

tension

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16
Q

Golgi tendon organs can trigger 2 responses:

A

muscle relaxation (autogenic inhibition)
and
inhibit muscle spindles

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17
Q

What is the exception to the general responsibilities of golgi tendon organ?

A

can trigger contraction right before a muscle is passively stretched. This is crucial for proprioceptive neurotransmitter rehabilitation.

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18
Q

Joint receptors monitor:

A

stretch in synovial joints

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19
Q

Joint receptors send information to:

A

cerebellum and spinal reflex arcs

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20
Q

What are the other important receptors in joints and what are their functions?

A

Pacinian: AROM and compression
Ruffini: indicate end range and passive range of motion
Free nerve endings: pain from joint inflammation; non - noxious stress (pressure, temperature, vibration, etc.)

21
Q

What is the general pathway from the somatosensory neuron in the PNS?

A
  1. Distal axons (PNS): Mechanoreceptors & proprioceptors
  2. Dorsal and ventral rami: (dorsal does back, ventral does trunk and limbs)
  3. spinal nerve
    soma in dorsal root ganglion
  4. Proximal axon (CNS) Dorsal root
22
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

area of skin with sensory innervation by a single dorsal spinal root

23
Q

Cutaneous peripheral nerve supply an area of skin that is related to a:

A

peripheral nerve

24
Q

The anterolateral column is responsible for:

A

pain, temperature, pressure and crude touch

25
Q

The dorsal column is responsible for:

A

light touch, proprioception and vibration

26
Q

The medial leminiscal pathway conveys:

A

proprioception, vibration, and discriminative touch.

27
Q

The anterolateral system conveys

A

pain, temperature, crude touch, pressure

28
Q

The anterolateral system contains what 3 tracts:

A

spinothalamic tract
spinoreticular tract
spinomesencephalic tract

29
Q

Discrimination (location, intensity) of pain, temperature, and crude touch are aspects of what tract in the anterolateral system?

A

spinothalamic tract

30
Q

Emotional and arousal aspects of pain are aspects of which tract in the anterolateral system?

A
  • spinoreticular tract
31
Q

pain modulation is a part of what tract in the anterolateral system?

A

spinomesencephalic tract

32
Q

What structure is a crucial relay structure for all afferent pathways traveling to the cortex?

A

The thalamus

33
Q

What makes up the relay nuclei of the thalamus?

A

medial nuclear group
lateral nucleus group
anterior nuclear group

34
Q

What makes up the internal medullary lamina?

A

intralaminar nuclei

multiple cortical projections`

35
Q

The internal medullary lamina receives input from:

A

The RAS in the reticular formation.

36
Q

The thalamic reticular nucleus contains ____________ integration and it projects to the:

A

thalamic; cortex

37
Q

What are the 6 lateral nuclear groups in the thalamic nuclei?

A
  • ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL)
  • ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM)
  • ventral lateral nucleus (VL)
  • ventral anterior nucleus (VA)
  • Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
  • Medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)
38
Q

Ventral posterior lateral nucleus is involved in sending information from:

A

somatosensory of spinal chord to primary sensory cortex

39
Q

Ventral posteromedial nucleus is involved in sending information from:

A

Somatosensory (CNS) to primary sensory cortex

40
Q

Ventral lateral nucleus is involved in sending information from:

A

cerebellum and basal ganglia to primary motor cortex and association motor cortices

41
Q

Ventral anterior nucleus is involved in sending information from:

A

cerebellum and basal ganglia to the primary motor cortex, association motor cortices and other frontal lobe structures.

42
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus is involved in sending information from:

A

vision to primary visual cortex

43
Q

Medial geniculate nucleus is involved in sending information from:

A

auditory to primary auditory cortex

44
Q

What nucleus is in the medial nuclear group?

A

the mediodorsal nucleus

45
Q

The mediodorsal nucleus is involved in sending information from:

A

limbic and basal ganglia to the frontal cortex

46
Q

What nucleus is in the anterior nuclear group?

A

Anterior Nucleus

47
Q

Anterior nucleus is involved in sending information from:

A

mamillary body, hippocampus to cingulate gyrus

48
Q

What cortices are involved in the integration of somatosensory?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex
somatosensory association cortex
heteromodal cortex

Neuroscience (10 decks)

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