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Neuroscience > Week 2: Central Nervous System Vascular Structures > Flashcards

Week 2: Central Nervous System Vascular Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterior circulation of the right vasculature?

A 
L ventricle to 
ascending aorta to
brachiocephalic A. to
R common carotid A. to
R internal Carotid artery to
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2
Q

What is the anterior circulation of the left vasculature?

A 
L ventricle to
ascending aorta to
aortic arch to
L common carotid a. to
L internal carotid a.
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3
Q

What is the posterior circulation of the R vasculature?

A 
L ventricles to
ascending aorta to
brachiocephalic artery to
r. subclavian artery to
right vertebral artery
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4
Q

what is the posterior circulation of the left vasculature?

A 
Left ventricle to
ascending aorta to
aortic arch to
L subclavian A. to
L vertebral artery
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5
Q

What are the components of anterior circulation?

A 
anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
anterior choroidal artery
anterior communicating artery
posterior communicating
ophthalmic artery
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6
Q

What artery runs in the longitudinal fissure above the corpus callosum?

A

the anterior cerebral artery

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7
Q

The anterior cerebral artery supplies:

A

the medial aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes
the cingulate cortex
corpus callosum

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8
Q

What are the 2 major branches of the anterior cerebral artery?

A

the callosomarginal artery

the pericallosal artery

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9
Q

Which artery supplies 2/3rds of the cortex?

A

the middle cerebral artery (MCA)

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10
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the middle cerebral artery ?

A

The stem
Superior Divisions
Inferior divisions

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11
Q

What arteries are associated with the stem division of the middle cerebral artery?

A

lenticulostriate arteries

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12
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A 
lateral frontal lobe 
lateral parietal lobe
insular cortex
medial and lateral temporal lobes
subcortical deep structures such as the basal ganglia, internal capsule, and limbic structures
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13
Q

What are the deep structures that are supplied by the middle cerebral artery?

A

basal ganglia, internal capsule and limbic structures

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14
Q

What artery rises off of the internal carotid artery close to where the MCA arises?

A

The anterior choroidal artery

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15
Q

what does the anterior choroidal artery supply?

A

the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle
optic tract
deep structures of telencephalon such as:
———–posterior limb of the internal capsule
———–portions of the basal ganglia
———–portions of the thalamus

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16
Q

What are the deep structures of the telencephalon that are supplied by the anterior choroidal artery?

A

posterior limb of internal capsule
portions of basal ganglia
portions of the thalamus

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17
Q

What is an “anastomosis between internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery?”

A

The Circle of Willis

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18
Q

The circle of Willis is an _____________ between ICAs and basilar artery.

A

anastomosis

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19
Q

What is the function of the circle of Willis?

A

Provides collateral blood flow between anterior and posterior circulations of brain as well as right and left hemispheres.

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20
Q

A full-caliber ring is present in only ____% of individuals?

A

34%

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21
Q

What are the 4 components of the circle of Willis?

A
  1. anterior cerebral arteries
  2. anterior communicating artery
  3. posterior communicating artery
  4. posterior cerebral arteries
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22
Q

What does the anterior communicating arteries connect?

A

The 2 anterior cerebral arteries

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23
Q

What does the posterior communicating arteries connect?

A

the middle coronal arteries to the posterior cerebral arteries.

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24
Q

The posterior communicating arteries supply the diencephalon structures such as:

A

pituitary gland, infundibulum, hypothalamus, thalamus

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25
Q

What are the 8 components of posterior circulation?

A
  1. posterior cerebral arteries
  2. basilar artery
  3. superior cerebellar arteries
  4. labyrinthine arteries
    8 vertebral arteries
  5. anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
  6. posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
  7. anterior spinal arteries
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26
Q

The posterior cerebral arteries arise from the __________ artery and travels posteriorly to the _____________.

A

basilar; occiput

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27
Q

The superficial branches of the posterior circulation includes the:

A

anterior inferior temporal arteries
posterior inferior temporal arteries
calcarine arteries

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28
Q

The superficial branches of the posterior cerebral artery supplies what structures?

A

medial and inferior occipital lobes

inferior temporal lobes

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29
Q

The medial and inferior occipital lobes and the inferior temporal lobes are supplied by the ___________ branches of the ___________ cerebral artery/

A

superficial; posterior

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30
Q

What are the deep branches of the posterior cerebral artery?

A

tuberothalamic artery
thalamogeniculate artery
posterior choroidal arteries

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31
Q

What do the deep branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

subcortical structures: midbrain, thalamus, subthalamic structures

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32
Q

The yellow zone is supplied by:
The red zone is supplied by:
The blue zone is supplied by:

A

middle cerebral artery - yellow zone
posterior cerebral artery - red zone
anterior cerebral artery - blue zone

33
Q

Name zones 1 - 5.

A
  1. anterior cerebral artery
  2. MCA superior division
  3. MCA inferior division
  4. PCA
  5. PCA deep branch
34
Q

Label 1 - 8 in horizontal plane.

A
  1. ACA
  2. ACA deep branch
  3. MCA superior division
  4. MCA deep branches
  5. Anterior choroidal artery
  6. MCA inferior division
  7. PCA deep branches
  8. PCA
35
Q

What are the branches of the vertebral arteries?

A

The posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
anterior spinal arteries
posterior spinal arteries
basilar artery

36
Q

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery arises at the level of the _________, is a branch of the __________ artery and supplies what two structures?

A

medulla; vertebral; lateral medulla and inferior cerebellum

37
Q

The ANTERIOR spinal artery is a branch of the __________ artery and supplies what two structures?

A

medial medulla

anterior 2/3 of spinal cord

38
Q

The posterior spinal artery branches from what branch of the vertebral artery?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

39
Q

The posterior spinal artery supplies what 2 structures?

A

dorsal medial medulla

posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

40
Q

What are the branches of the basilar artery?

A 
anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
labyrinthine arteries
pontine arteries
superior cerebellar arteries
posterior cerebral artery
(PARAMEDIAN AND CIRCUMFERENTIAL BRANCH OFF THESE MAIN BRANCHES TO SUPPLY DEEP STRUCTURES IN THE BRAIN STEM)
41
Q

The anterior inferior cerebellar arteries arise right after the _________ artery forms at the level of the:

A

basilar

caudal pons

42
Q

What does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?

A

lateral caudal pons

cerebellum

43
Q

The labyrinthine artery branches from what artery? (This is another basilar artery branch) and it rises directly off the ________ artery.

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery; basilar

44
Q

what does the labyrinthine artery supplies what two structures?

A

cochlea

vestibular apparatus

45
Q

The __________ arteries are small circumferential arteries that supplies what?

A

pontine; rostral lateral pons

46
Q

The most rostral branch of the basilar artery prior to the PCA is the:

A

superior cerebellar arteries

47
Q

What does the superior cerebellar artery supply?

A

cerebellum and rostral dorsolateral pons

48
Q

what 2 arteries branch off the main branches of the basilar arteries to further supply DEEP structures of the brain?

A

Paramedian and Circumferential arteries

49
Q

Name the arteries associated with each region.

A
  1. Posterior Cerebral artery
  2. Basilar artery (paramedian branches)
  3. basilar artery (circumferential branches = lateral pontine arteries)
  4. superior cerebellar artery
  5. anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  6. posterior inferior cerebellar artery
  7. vertebral artery (lateral branches)
  8. Vertebral artery (paramedian branches) and anterior spinal artery
50
Q

The __________ spinal cord is 2/3rds of the cord and _________ spinal cord is 1/3 of cord.

A

anterior; posterior

51
Q

The ______________ radicular arteries branch off the descending thoracic aorta.

A

segmental

52
Q

What arteries are particularly important for their vascularization of spinal nerve roots?

A

Segmental arteries

53
Q

What segmental radicular artery is a major supplemental blood supply to cervical and thoracic cord?

A

Thoracic Radicular Artery

54
Q

What segmental radicular artery is a major blood supply to lumbar and sacral cord?

A

Great Radicular Artery of Adamkiewicz

55
Q

What is the function of the venous drainage system?

A

To remove deoxygenated blood
To remove harmful materials
To circulate cerebrospinal fluid from the brain

56
Q

Which vein drains the superior surface of each hemisphere?

A

Superior Cerebral Veins

57
Q

After the superior cerebral veins drains superior surface of each hemisphere, that drains into what sinus?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

58
Q

What vein drains the lateral surface of each hemisphere?

A

Superficial middle cerebral veins

59
Q

After the superficial middle cerebral veins drain the lateral surface of each hemisphere, where does it drain into?

A

cavernous sinus

60
Q

Which vein drains the inferior aspect of each hemisphere?

A

The inferior cerebral veins

61
Q

After the inferior cerebral veins drain the inferior aspect of each hemisphere, where does it drain into?

A

Cavernous Sinus and Transverse Sinus

62
Q

What vein connects superficial middle cerebral vein to superior sagittal sinus

A

Superior anastomotic vein

63
Q

What vein connects the superficial middle cerebral vein to transverse sinus?

A

inferior anastomotic vein

64
Q

What are the 5 superficial veins?

A 
superior cerebral veins
superficial middle cerebral veins
inferior cerebral veins
superior anastomotic vein
inferior anastomotic vein
65
Q

What are the deep veins of the venous drainage system?

A

anterior cerebral veins
deep middle cerebral veins
subependymal veins
medullary veins

66
Q

What are the 3 subependymal veins of the deep drainage system?

A

basal veins of Rosenthal
internal cerebral veins
great vein of Galen

67
Q

What cerebral vein drains deep middle regions of each hemisphere?

A

Anterior Cerebral veins

68
Q

After the anterior cerebral veins drain dep middle regions of each hemisphere, where does it drain into?

A

Transverse Sinus

69
Q

What veins drains the insular cortex and some deep lateral regions of each hemisphere?

A

Deep Middle Cerebral Veins

70
Q

After the deep middle cerebral veins drain the insular cortex and some deep lateral regions of each hemisphere, where does it drain into?

A

Transverse Sinus

71
Q

What vein drains the medial temporal lobes?

A

Basal veins of Rosenthal

72
Q

After the basal veins of Rosenthal drains the medial temporal lobe, it drains into:

A

The great vein of Galen

73
Q

What vein drains the choroid plexus of lateral ventricles?

A

Internal Cerebral Veins

74
Q

After the internal cerebral veins drain the choroid plexus of lateral ventricles, where does it drain into?

A

Great vein of Galen

75
Q

What vein drains the thalamus and periventricular regions?

A

The great vein of Galen

76
Q

After the great vein of Galen drains the thalamus and periventricular regions, it goes to which 2 sinus?

A

Inferior sagittal sinus and straight sinus

77
Q

Where are sinuses located?

A

Between periosteal and meningeal dural layers

78
Q

A sinus is a drainage system but unlike veins, it lacks:

A

valves

79
Q

There are two major sinus routes. What are they?

A
  1. Straight (great cerebral vein of Galen + inferior sagittal sinus) –> superior and inferior sinuses –> confluences of sinuses –> transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> internal jugular vein
  2. Cavernous (ophthalmic veins) –> superior and inferior petrosal sinuses –> internal jugular vein

Neuroscience (10 decks)

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