Week 4 Prep Video Flashcards
Schedules of Reinforcement
Ratio schedule
Interval Schedule
Fixed Schedule
Variable Schedule
Ratio schedule
Reinforcements are based on the amount of responding
enforcment after set # of responces
Ratio=amount
Interval Schedule
reinforcements are based on the amount of time between reinforcements
reinforment given after # of time has passed
Interval = time
Fixed Schedule:
Schedule of reinforcement stays the same
Consistent - reinforcment delivered after every correct response
Fixed schedule = predictible
Variable schedule = unbredictible
Variable Schedule:
Schedule of reinforcement can very between reinforcement (but is tied to an average)
Variable schedule = unbredictible
Fixed schedule = predictible
a schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed
Fixed Ratio
Reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses have been completed
ex: child has too do 5 chores before allowance is rewarded
Ratio=amount
Ex: 1000 steps taken = smart watch gives an award
Variable Ratio
The number of responses required to get a reinforcement changes between reinforcements
Ex: Gambling (slot machines.)
Players want to win a jackpot, but timing is unpredictable bc. of slot machine’s random number generator (RNG).
Ratio=amount
Fixed Interval
Fixed-interval schedules reinforces that first response occurring after a set amount of time
Reinforcement is delivered based on a predictable time interval
Ex. Paychecks, Report cards, Allowance at end of week
Variable Interval
Variable Interval is when a first response is reinforced following a variable amount of time
Reinforcement is delivered at unpredictable time intervals (tied to an average)
ex: Checking insta for likes, Waiting for an elevator
Reinforcment
what happens when a consequence makes a behaviour more likely
Punishment
what happens when a consequence makes a behaviour less likely to occur
When the consequence is something undesirable not happening, this is called
Negative Reinforcement
Ex: Elimination of pain bc. advil, taking away chores because kid got A
(-) increases the likelihood of a desired behavior by taking away something unpleasant
When the consequence is something desirable happening, this is called
Positive Reinforcement
(+) giving a treat to a dog that sits
increases the likelihood of a desired behavior by adding something plesant
When the consequence is something undesirable happening, this is called
Positive Punishment
increasing ammount of chores becasue kid neglects them
Something is **added **to the mix (chores) to discourage a bad behavior (neglecting chores)
When the consequence is something desirable not happening, this is called
Negative Punishment
Child bites another kid –> parent takes away toy
Something is **taken **away (toy) to discourage a bad behavior (bitting)
Why do we care about reinforment schedules?
Different schedules of reinforcement have different outcomes for learning
Animal studies show that Variable Ratio schedules result in the highest rate of responding these 4 schedules
