Chapter 2 - Why science? Flashcards
Research Methods
Empirical Methods
Approaches to inquiry that are tied to actual measurement and observation.
Ethics
Professional guidelines that offer researchers a template for making decisions that protect research participants from potential harm and that help steer scientists away from conflicts of interest or other situations that might compromise the integrity of their research.
Hypotheses
A logical idea that can be tested.
Systematic observation
The careful observation of the natural world with the aim of better understanding it. Observations provide the basic data that allow scientists to track, tally, or otherwise organise information about the natural world.
Theories
Groups of closely related phenomena or observations.
Edward Jenner
Developed the first vaccine: eradicated smallpox, reduce spread of other disease
Fritz Harber
Developed synthetic fertilizer:
increased food production
Horman Borlaug
Developed hybrid agricultural crops: Increased food production
Elements of Science
Systematic observation, Testable hypotheses, Democratic, Cumulative
Element of science: Testable Hypotheses
Scientists develop hypotheses and theories that can be tested and proven or disproven.
Elements of Science: Democratic
Science is a democratic process, where people are encouraged to form their own opinions and debate conclusions.
Elements of Science: Cumulative
science builds upon previous discoveries, allowing us to learn from earlier advances and move forward.
Francis Galton
Studied twins to estimate the degree to which genetic and social factors contribute to personality
Coined the phrase “Nature vs. Nurture”
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy:
A type of therapy that has been shown to be effective in treating depression and anxiety disorders
Organisational Psychology
A type of therapy that has been shown to be effective in treating depression and anxiety disorders
