Chapter 4 - History of Psych Flashcards
Behaviorism
The study of behaviour.
Cognitive psychology
The study of mental processes.
Consciousness:
Awareness of ourselves and our environment.
Empiricism
The belief that knowledge comes from experience.
Eugenics
The practice of selective breeding to promote desired traits.
Flashbulb memory
A highly detailed and vivid memory of an emotionally significant event.
Functionalism
A school of American psychology that focused on the utility of consciousness.
Gestalt psychology
An attempt to study the unity of experience.
Individual differences
Ways in which people differ in terms of their behaviour, emotion, cognition, and development.
Introspection
A method of focusing on internal processes.
Neural impulse
An electro-chemical signal that enables neurons to communicate.
Practitioner-Scholar Model
A model of training of professional psychologists that emphasizes clinical practice.
Psychophysics
Study of the relationships between physical stimuli and the perception of those stimuli.
Realism
A point of view that emphasizes the importance of the senses in providing knowledge of the external world.
Scientist-practitioner model
A model of training of professional psychologists that emphasizes the development of both research and clinical skills.
Structuralism
A school of American psychology that sought to describe the elements of conscious experience.
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
The inability to pull a word from memory even though there is the sensation that that word is available.
Who promoted empericism
John Lock and Thomas Reid
Herman Von Helmholts
- Measured the speed of the neural impulse and explored the physiology of hearing and vision
*Indicated that our senses can deceive us and are not a mirror of the external world
*Mind could be measured using methods of science
- psychology was feasable
Ernst Weber and Gustav Fechner
Study of the relationships between physical stimuli and the perception of those stimuli.
Wilhelm Wundt
- Helped to establish the field of experimental psychology by serving as a strong promoter of the idea that psychology could be an experimental field and by providing classes, textbooks, and a laboratory for training students
*1879: Popular date for the establishment of Psychology
- Demonstrated that the mind could be measured and the nature of consciousness could be revealed through scientific means
Edward Bradford Titchener
*Student of Wundt
*Brought Structuralism to America
*Founded the Society of Experimental Psychologists
Margret Floy Washburn
- Titchener’s first doctoral student
*First woman to earn Ph.D. in psych
*Second woman to be elected president of APA
William James
*Wrote the most important and influential book in Psychology, “Principles of Psychology”, published in 1890
*Proposed that consciousness is ongoing and continuous
