Week 4:Physical Inactivity

Question 1

Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines:
Early Years(0-1)
Toddlers(1-2)
Preschoolers(3-4)
Children(5-11)
Youth(12-17)
Adults(18-64)
Older Adults(65+)

Answer 1

The Early Years (0-4 years)
• Infants (less than 1 year) should be physically active several times/day
Examples: tummy time, reaching for toys, interactive floor-based play, crawling
• Toddlers (1-2 years) and pre-schoolers (3-4 years) should accumulate 180 minutes of physical activity/day (at any intensity)
Examples: playing outside, crawling, dancing, hopping, jumping, skipping
Children (5-11 years) and Youth (12-17 years)
• At least 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily
Vigorous-intensity activities at least 3 days/week
Adults (18-64 years)
• At least 150 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity/week
Older adults (65 years+)
• At least 150 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity/week

Question 2

Pros and Cons of Physical Activity

Answer 2

Pros-good health, reduced risk of chronic diseases, balance,posture
Cons- $,risk of injury, time, fatigue

Question 3

The mismatch between physical activity guidelines and levels of physical activity in Canada

Answer 3

For example: 2010: 31% of children and youth met the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines of 60 minutes/day
2011 - 2014: between 4% - 7% of children and youth met the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines of 60 minutes/day
The dramatic drop in activity levels could be because:
-Technology has advanced and children chose technology over physical activity
-Sports and activities can be expensive
-In past the technology to track physical activity was less accurate, people could have lied about how active they actually are.

Question 4

Rates of Adult obesity in Canada

Answer 4

-62% of Canadian adults considered overweight or obese

Question 5

Rates of obesity in children

Answer 5

-12%

Question 6

Strengths and weaknesses of how obesity is typically defined

Answer 6

Weaknesses- a BMI doesn’t account for muscle mass. Someone may be very muscular but be classified as obese according to the BMI. Mass (kg)/ height (m2)
-Body mass percentage is time consuming to expensive
Strengths- Helps us realize where we are and what we need to work on

Question 7

Health care costs associated with physical inactivity

Answer 7

• Spends 38% more days in hospital
• Uses 13% more specialist services
• Uses 12% more nurse visits

Question 8

Calculate BMI

Answer 8

MASS(KG)/HEIGHT(M^2)

Question 9

The three levels of interventions and provide examples for each

Answer 9

• Downstream (slide 47): Individual-level interventions for those who possess the risk factor or suffer from risk-related diseases/conditions. Trying to change healthy damage. Example: Physician counselling for patients with diabetes
• Midstream (slide 48): Population-level interventions that target defined populations for the purpose of changing and/or preventing health-damaging behaviors. Ex: Community-based exercise program for new moms
• Upstream (slide 49): Macro-level (i.e., state/provincial and national) public policy or environmental interventions to strengthen social norms and supports for healthy behaviors and to redirect unhealthy societal counter forces Ex: Increase time for “walk” sign on crosswalks; ex elderly can’t walk as fast, promote people walking

Question 10

Explain: A population-based public-health approach

Answer 10

to have a population-level impact, a public-health approach involves interventions at all three levels simultaneously: Upstream public policy, Midstream prevention, Downstream treatments

Question 11

. Evaluate: Physical activity interventions using the components of the RE-AIM framework

Answer 11

Reach: Did you reach your intended population? How much of the target population participated?
Effectiveness: Was it successful/effective? How successful was it (percentages, averages, etc. of key variables)?
Adoption: Did the settings/places/environments approached adopt it?
Implementation: Was it delivered as intended?
Cost: Consistency across settings?
Maintenance: Are effects sustained over time? Modifications needed for long-term change?