Week 4 - Pharmacogenomics

Question 1

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 1

The study of how differences in
response to drugs in individuals
are caused by genetic variations,
study of a single gene

Question 2

Pharmacogenomics

Answer 2

Study of many genes

Question 3

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

what the body does to a drug -many pharmacogenetic variations affect the
rate of absorption or metabolism of drugs

Question 4

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 4

what a drug does to the body-other pharmacogenetic variations affect the
response of a drug target to a given level of the drug

Question 5

Missense mutation

Answer 5

Change in the protein sequence

Question 6

SNP stands for

Answer 6

Single nucleotide polymorphisms, accelerates / de of a given drug

Question 7

Phase 1 reactions of drug metabolism

Answer 7

oxidation, hydroxylation and
hydrolysis - may produce an intermediate in the
inactivation/degradations of drug but often
produce the biologically active molecule

Question 8

Phase 2 reactions

Answer 8

conjugation reactions
acetylation, glucuronidation, sulphation- produce
a water-soluble compound that is more easily
excreted

Question 9

p450 enzymes

Answer 9

Found in liver, does oxidation and reduction reactions with iron, (look at warfarin catabolism)

Question 10

CYP2C9 found in

Answer 10

liver and intestinal wall

Question 11

Clopidogrel role

Answer 11

Stops blood clotting

Question 12

5-FU treatment

Answer 12

Used in chemo for 45+Y, DPD enzyme helps determine sensitivity of 5-FU in tumours

Question 13

Most prescribed drug for cardiovascular disease

Answer 13

Statins

Question 14

Benefits of pharmacogenetics

Answer 14

Dangerous drug effects are avoided
* Improve drug safety (prescribe the correct
dose for each person)
* Drug development is streamlined (only test
in patients with a genetic profile suited to
the drug)
* Drugs previously deemed unsafe could be
re-issued to a limited population