Week 4 - Pharmacogenomics Flashcards
Pharmacogenetics
The study of how differences in
response to drugs in individuals
are caused by genetic variations,
study of a single gene
Pharmacogenomics
Study of many genes
Pharmacokinetics
what the body does to a drug -many pharmacogenetic variations affect the
rate of absorption or metabolism of drugs
Pharmacodynamics
what a drug does to the body-other pharmacogenetic variations affect the
response of a drug target to a given level of the drug
Missense mutation
Change in the protein sequence
SNP stands for
Single nucleotide polymorphisms, accelerates / de of a given drug
Involves genetic variation of a drug
Phase 1 reactions of drug metabolism
oxidation and hydrolysis occur
Produces intermediates in the breakdown of the drug
Phase 2 reactions
Conjugation and sulphation occur
Produces water soluble compounds
p450 enzymes
Found in liver, does oxidation and reduction reactions with iron
Involved in the production of cellular components
CYP2C9 found in
liver and intestinal wall
Clopidogrel role
Stops blood clotting
5-FU treatment
Used in chemo for 45+Y, DPD enzyme helps determine sensitivity of 5-FU in tumours
Most prescribed drug for cardiovascular disease
Statins
Benefits of pharmacogenetics
Dangerous drug effects are avoided
* Improve drug safety (prescribe the correct
dose for each person)
* Drug development is streamlined (only test
in patients with a genetic profile suited to
the drug)
* Drugs previously deemed unsafe could be
re-issued to a limited population
Importance of Pharmacogenetics
Can find which medications are the most important
