DNA structure / Gene expression Flashcards
The bond between cystonine and thymine is
Single bond
Adenine and guanine bond is
A double bond
What is dna wound around?
Histone protein
Transcription steps
TFIID binds to the DNA TATA box bringing TFIIA and TFIIB to it
Allows for RNA polymerase to bind
Other TF join creating TF complex
ATP - ADP creates energy for transcription to occur
RNA creates RNA template from DNA strand, then RNA dissociates creating new RNA strand
How can transcription factors work more effectively?
Using enhancer,this is done by binding to activators which binds to co-activators which then binds to GTF
Base pairing
A-T G-C
Where does DNA replication begin
Origin of replication
Gel electrophoresis 4
Labaratory technique to separate RNA/DNA
Mix with agarose gel, place in electrophoresis chamber add electrical current
bigger the molecule = slower etc
Simple and cheap but low resolution for large molecules
RT-PCR 3
Quantifies RNA using PCR,
Isolate RNA, use RT enzyme to produce cDNA from RNA template, amplify to extend, identify products using gel
High sens + spec but can’t identify RNA without qRT-PCR
Mass spectrometry 4
Technique to identify molecules based on m/z
Convert molecules to ions using electrospray, separate and detect
Used in proton identification and structural analysis
High sens, analyse large compounds but expensive and difficult procedure
DNA replication steps
Helicase seps for replication
Primase creates new strand, makes primer (small RNA)
DNA polymerase binds to primer making new strand LS, ls opposite
DNA polymerase can only make small chunks for ls (okazaki fragments)
start with primer, DNA polymerase adds bases, adds another primer down and fill bases
Exonuclease removes primers, DNA polymerase fills gaps and DNA ligase seals
