Week 4 - Cancer genetics Flashcards
Proto-oncogenes definition
becomes oncogene when activated, controls cell growth and multiplication
RAS oncogene
Proteins that deliver signals to cell surface receptors
what causes an increase in enzyme concentration
Inc protein expression, increase in protein stability, gene duplication
Chromosomal translocation causes
Increased gene expression at wpwt
Viral integration
Viral integrates into dna resulting in activation of proto-oncogenes
What molecules can be oncogenes?
Growth factor receptors
Signal transducers
Transcription factors
OCG GFR
An oncogene can mutate in GFR, mutation can cause cell division
OCG signal transducers
Once activated it continuously does it causing cell to proliferate
OCG Transcription factors
Mutation causes the cell to live longer
Transcription factors role
Proteins that control gene activity
RB protein
Tumour suppressor, controls cell growth, can prevent proteins from performing DNA replication
Apoptosis 3 stages
Condensation of the nucleus
Nucleus fragments
Dead cells engulfed by phagocytic cells
2 types of apoptosis pathways compared
extrinsic: External , cells have a death receptor, binding causes apoptosis
intrinsic: Controlled by the mitochondria, internal, DNA damage or stress causes apoptosis
Bc12
Type of protein, controls membrane permeability
Angiogenesis
Forms new blood vessels from old ones, uses vascular endotheilal growth factor, tumour releases VEGF, binds to receptor, allows gene to be expressed
Metastasis
Cancer spreading from one organ to another, main tumour cells’ leave it goes to another place to cause metastasis
Intravasation
movement of tumour cells
from the tumour into the blood supply
Extravasation
the movement of tumour
cells out of the blood supply into new
organs/tissue
Example of tumour suppressor genes
Retinoblastoma gene
