Week 4 - our talents (addiction) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Our biggest talent is?

A

Our ability to learn! Helps in all aspects of life.

  • classical conditioning: neutral stimuli gets meaning (and become cues that trigger craving: physiological changes opposite to the drug effect) -> alcohol has a hypothermic (lower temperature), dus je lichaam past zich automatisch aan door warmer te worden wanneer het weet dat alcohol eraan komt -> the urge to remain in homeostasis
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2
Q

Context is important for understanding whether or not the substance is used and what its effects are

What did Siegel’s experiment with mice say about drugs and environment/ situational specificity of tolerance?

A

It showed physiological responses that animals got in a certain environment. They adjust their physiological responses depending on the environment they are in!

Het liet zien dat context erg bepalend is voor the effecten van drugs. De muizen die in een andere context waren, terwijl ze dezelfde hoeveelheid drugs hadden toegediend gekregen, vertoonde heftigere effecten dan de muizen in de conditie/omgeving die niet was veranderd. Dit laat zien dat drugsgebruik in een andere omgeving andere, heftigere effecten kan hebben!

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3
Q

Tinbergen: behavior/emotion is understood when you understand:

A
  • it’s development: classical/operant conditioning
  • the underlying mechanisms: activatie van een verstoord beloningssytsteem
  • its function: hijacked reward system
  • its evolution: served the survival of the species
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4
Q

Substance Use Disorder: relationship

A

Amount of use and tolerance have a linear relationship

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5
Q

Dynamic Systems Theory of behavior

A
  • behavior is a complex dynamic system
  • fenomenon caused by a system of interaction variables! Niet losse componenten die naast elkaar bestaan, bidirectionele relatie!
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6
Q

Gate way hypothesis

A

People start with something easy available -> then go to the next level (prescripted drugs) -> than illegal (cannabis) -> than illicit/hard drugs

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7
Q

Formula of addictiveness (not all drugs are evenly addictive)

A

addictive = [pleasure + psychological dependence + physical dependence] / 3

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8
Q

drugs ranked most addictive to least

A

heroin
cocaine
nicotine
barbiturates (medicine)
alcohol

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9
Q

formula nicotine dependence

A

dopamine = pleasure + negative reinforcement

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10
Q

addiction and reinforcement / incentive-sensitization theory

A

People become addicted because of positive reinforcement and stay addicted because of negative reinforcement

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11
Q

The incentive-sensitization theory

A
  • Wanting is a form of motivation (fed by cues and negative reinforcement), Liking is a reward.
  • Ze zijn inter-veranderbaar, maar niet bij verslaving.
  • Breincircuits die onderliggen aan deze processen zijn losstaand.
  • Hoe meer gebruik, hoe meer het willen is en minder leuk vinden
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12
Q

Contingency management (Afhankelijkheidsmanagement)

A

het idee dat substantiegebruik afhankelijk is van de aanwezigheid van alternatieve bekrachtigers

Als er alternatieven/betere opties/beloningen zijn, wordt gedrag/substantiegebruik minder/verbeterd

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13
Q

Behavioral economics: substance use is

A
  • als het moeilijk te krijgen is/duur, gebruiken minder mensen het
  • als het makkelijk te krijgen is, maar de alternatieven zijn goed, wordt het minder gebruikt

An inverse function of constraints (beperkingen) on access to the substance (beperking in toegang = minder gebruik)

A direct function of constraints on access to alternative rewards (minder toegang tot alternatieven = meer gebruiken)

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14
Q

Rational choice theory

A

Gebruik wordt gemotiveerd door het afwegen van directe beloning en toekomstige effecten van het gebruik

Pain of change becomes less than the pain of staying the same -> you will change!

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15
Q

Addiction

A

Verslaving is een brein ziekte, en het is belangrijk!!

Toevoeging: brein processen (inclusief rationaliteit) is wel altijd betrokken.

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