Week 2 - special populations Flashcards
Chronic diseases can be cured, and symptoms alleviated (verlicht) with:
- medication
- lifestyle changes
- physiotherapy
Risk factors of chronic diseases (6)
- genes
- smoking
- unhealthy diet
- lack of physical activity
- alcohol
- unhealthy weight
Bidirectional relationship between chronic disease and mental disease
diabetes -> depression
but also
depression -> diabetes
because they share the same/similar risk factors
Why do asians have less multimorbidity?
- Biological differences
- Social and cultural differences
- Differences in risk disease
- Etnic differences: help seeking, social support
Risk factors for developing comorbidity
Childhood Adversity
- loss
- abuse and neglect
- household dysfunction
Stress
- adverse life events
- chronic stressors
SES
- poverty (armoede)
- neighborhood
- social support
- isolation
Influence of risk factors
Chronic Medical Disorder
v
Adverse Health Behaviors and Outcomes
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle (zitten)
- Smoking
- Self care
- Symptom burden (last)
- Disability
- Quality of life
Mental disorders
What is integrated care?
Care according to the needs throughout life course:
- a continuum of health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care
3 levels of integrated care
Macro: population and community level. Build consensus between stakeholders
v
Meso: facility level. Provide programmes and establish collaborative vare teams.
v
Micro: individual and family level. Social media for promoting healthy lifestyle.
Resilience
The ability of people or things to recover quickly after something unpleasant occurs (adversity, stress or injury)
Het vermogen van mensen of dingen om (snel) te herstellen nadat iets onprettigs heeft plaatsgevonden (moeilijkheden, stress of ongeluk)
Problems refugees have to deal with
- not expressing political/religious beliefs (je politieke of geloofsovertuigingen niet kunnen uitten)
- hunger/thirst (honger/dorst)
- no medical care (geen medische zorg)
- loss of friends/family (verlies van vrienden/family)
- not being able to live up to your sexuality
- earthquakes/floods
- POST MIGRATION FACTORS (factoren na migratie)
Loss of agency is bad for mental health
Stress theories
Generalized:
- sensitization
- allostatic load
- kindling
- hormesis
Specific:
- cognitive theory
- neurotrophic theory
Stress-sensititzation
De reactie op stressvolle gebeurtenissen wordt vergroot door opvolgende blootstelling tot stressvolle gebeurtenissen.
Reaction on stressor increases! People become sensitive to stressful events. The impact increases with successive (opeenvolgende) stimuli.
Hormesis
Adaptieve respons van lichaam op gemiddelde stress en maladaptieve respons op intense stress.
Eerder/op vroege leeftijd stress ontwikkelen zorgt voor een eerdere ontwikkeling van de mens
Allostatic load
Chronische stress zorgt voor een nieuw level van homeostatic load (level van ‘oke’ zijn). Het setpoint voor uit balans raken van homeostate wordt verhoogd door het ervaren van veel stress stimuli
Kindling
Meer kans op een MHD (mental health disorder) door het ervaren van meer stress episodes.
De drempel voor het ontwikkelen van een mentale stoornis wordt lager door opvolgende episodes van mentale problemen.
- > verklaring hiervoor in de specifieke stress theorieen
