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Self-Care I Midterm > Week 4: Ophthalmic Disorders (Bolded/Underlined Terms) > Flashcards

Week 4: Ophthalmic Disorders (Bolded/Underlined Terms) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the anatomy of the eye?

A
  1. exterior
  2. uveal tract
  3. interior
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2
Q

The pharmacologic therapy for contact dermatitis are _____.

A

oral antihistamines

example: Loratadine

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3
Q

Dry eyes is usually due to abnormalities in tears and most often associated with the ____.

A

aging process (decreased tear production)

Note: women more than men because women have menopause, causing less tear production

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4
Q

Dry eyes may be due to different diseases such as ____.

A

Sjorgen’s disease

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5
Q

Dry eyes may be due to different drugs such as _____.

A

antihistamines

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6
Q

Non-pharmacologic therapies for treatment of dry eyes include AVOIDING ____.

A
  1. dry, dusty, or windy places

2. prolonged viewing of computer screens

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7
Q

One of the non-pharmacologic therapies for treatment of dry eyes include USING ____.

A

humidifiers

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8
Q

One of the non-pharmacologic therapies for treatment of dry eyes include DECREASE USE OF ____.

A

air-conditioning and heaters

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9
Q

What are the 3 pharmacologic therapies for treatment of dry eyes?

A
  1. artificial tears solutions
  2. non-medicated ointment or gel
  3. supplement on omega-3 fatty acid (flax seed oil)
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10
Q

When using a pharmacologic therapy for treatment of dry eyes, you should AVOID _______.

A

ocular decongestants or antihistamines

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11
Q

When using a non-medicated ointment or gel for treatment of dry eyes, you should use _____.

A

ointment preparations at night due to blurred vision

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12
Q

A pharmacist should recommend _____ for sensitive eyes.

A

preservative-free eye drops

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13
Q

Because _____ eyedrops can be easily contaminated, discard any unused solution immediately after opening.

A

preservative-free

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14
Q

Used as an artificial tear solution, the MOA of cellulose ethers is to ____.

A
  1. increase viscosity

2. slow tear evaporation

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15
Q

Used as an artificial tear solution, the MOA of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 1.4% is to ____.

A

enhance stability of tear film

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16
Q

Used as an artificial tear solution, the MOA of povidone is to ____.

A

form a hydrophilic layer on the corneal surface

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17
Q

Used as an artificial tear solution, the MOA of ___ is to increase viscosity and slow tear evaporation.

A

cellulose ethers

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18
Q

Used as an artificial tear solution, the MOA of ___ is to enhance stability of tear film.

A

polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 1.4%

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19
Q

Used as an artificial tear solution, the MOA of ___ is to form a hydrophilic layer on the corneal surface.

A

povidone 0.6%

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20
Q

The use of ____ are to limit the growth of microorganisms.

A

preservatives

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21
Q

_____ is both a preservative and surfactant with a long shelf-life. There can be toxic effects on tear film and the corneal epithelium and may cause allergy and dry eyes.

A

benzalkonium chloride (BAK)

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22
Q

Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a preservative and a surfactant with a long shelf-life. It’s function is ____.

A

bactericidal

Kills bacteria

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23
Q

Name examples of 2 brand names for artificial tear solutions.

A

Hypotears
Refresh

24
Q

As soon as the eye drop is applied, you should release the eyelid _____ and close the eyes gently for 2-3 minutes.

A

slowly

25
Q

After the eye drop is applied and you have closed your eyes gently for 2-3 minutes, you should use a ______.

A

finger to apply gentle pressure over the opening of the tear duct to avoid drainage

26
Q

When administering eyedrops, you should wait at least _____ if multiple medications are indicated.

A

5 minutes before instilling the next drop

27
Q

When administering eyedrops, you should _____ if using a suspension.

A

shake well before instilling

28
Q

If someone is using multiple eye medications, the sequence of application should be ______.

A
  1. solution
  2. suspension
  3. ointment/gel
29
Q

You should administer eye ointments in a _____ and place 1/4 to 1/2 inch of ointment inside the lower eyelid by gently squeezing the tube but avoid touching the tube tip to any tissue surface.

A

sweeping motion

30
Q

You should administer eye ointments in a sweeping motion and place 1/4 to 1/2 inch of ointment inside the lower eyelid by gently squeezing the tube BUT avoid ____.

A

touching the tube tip to any tissue surface.

31
Q

Allergic conjuctivitis has similar signs and symptoms to seasonal allergic rhinitis such as red eye, water discharge, and ocular itching.

What is the pharmacologic therapy used to get the RED out f the eye?

A

ocular decongestants

32
Q

Allergic conjuctivitis has similar signs and symptoms to seasonal allergic rhinitis such as red eye, water discharge, and ocular itching.

What is the pharmacologic therapy used to STOP the WATERY EYES?

A

ocular antihistamines

33
Q

Phenylephrine, naphazoline, tetrahydrozoline, and oxymetazoline are examples of ophthalmic DECONGESTANTS with the following safety consideration: _____.

A

rebound congestion of the conjuctiva

34
Q

In order to prevent rebound congestion of the conjuctiva when using ophthalmic decongestants, you should limit use to _____.

A

72 hours (3 days)

35
Q

The brand ______ is an ophthalmic decongestant that contains the ingredient naphazoline. It has a frequency of Q6hr and duration of 3-4 hours.

A

Naphcon

36
Q

The brand ____ is an ophthalmic decongestant that contains the ingredient oxymetazoline. It has a frequency of Q6hr and duration of 4-6 hours.

A

Visine L.R.

37
Q

The two ophthalmic ANTIHISTAMINES are ____. They are also H1 receptor antagonists.

A
  1. Pheniramine

2. Antazoline

38
Q

Ophthalmic antihistamines are more effective to combine with a decongestant. The combination of Pheniramine + Naphazoline can be found in which two Brands?

A

Naphcon-A and Opcon-A

also Visine-A

39
Q

Ophthalmic antihistamines are more effective to combine with a decongestant. The combination of Antazoline + Naphazoline can be found in which Brand?

A

Vasocon-A

40
Q

The antihistamine ____ and the decongestant _____ are the combination ingredients of Naphcon-A or Opcon-A.

A

antihistamine: Pheniramine
decongestant: Naphazoline

41
Q

The antihistamine ____ and the decongestant _____ are the combination ingredients in Vasocon-A.

A

antihistamine: Antazoline
decongestant: Naphazoline

42
Q

One important safety consideration for ophthalmic antihistamines is to limit use to _____.

A

72 hours (3 days)

43
Q

_____ is an ophthalmic antihistamine, mast cell stabilizer, and inhibits eosinophil release.

A

ketotifen (Zaditor)

44
Q

You can use the ophthalmic antihistamine/mast cell stabilizer known as ketotifen (Zaditor) for more than ______.

A

72 hours because it does not contain a vasoconstrictor (decongestant).

45
Q

You can use the ophthalmic antihistamine/mast cell stabilizer known as _____ for more than 72 hours because it does not contain a vasoconstrictor (decongestant) unlike combination OTC eye allergy drops.

A

ketotifen (Zaditor)

46
Q

You can use the ophthalmic antihistamine/mast cell stabilizer known as ketotifen (Zaditor) for more than 72 hours because it does not contain ____.

A

a vasoconstrictor (decongestant).

47
Q

_____ is a result of overwear of CONTACT LENSES, surgical damage, or inherited corneal dystrophies.

A

corneal edema

48
Q

The symptoms of corneal edema are ____.

A

halos and starbursts around lights.

49
Q

The treatment for corneal edema is to _____ of the eye.

A

draw fluid out

50
Q

You can self treat when foreign substances get into the eye ONLY if there is ____.

A
  1. minor irritation

2. no abrasions

51
Q

When foreign substances get into the eye and you self treat with irrigation (either sterile water or eyewash-irrigants), you MUST AVOID use of ____.

A

contact lenses because the absorption of preservatives by the lenses can cause damage to the cornea.

52
Q

When administering ophthalmic irrigants, DO NOT USE the ____ because it is a medium for fungal and bacterial growth due to the risk of contamination.

A

eye cup provided

53
Q

When should you DISCARD or REPLACE eye drop bottles?

A

30 days after the sterility safety seal is opened regardless of the manufacturer’s expiration date

54
Q

How long do you limit the use of ocular DECONGESTANTS?

A

3 days

55
Q

If a patient using MORE THAN ONE ocular medication, what is the order of application?

A

Apply:
Solution
Suspension
Gel/ointment

56
Q

How long should you wait in between eye drop instillations?

A

at least 5 minutes

Self-Care I Midterm (25 decks)

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