Week 3: Itchy Nose and Rhinorrhea (Bolded/Underlined Terms)

Question 1

____ are used to relieve runny and itchy nose, watery eyes, and sneezing associated with the common cold and allergic rhinitis.

Answer 1

antihistamines

Question 2

Because antihistamines have anticholinergic side effects that decrease mucus secretions, they cause which other 4 side effects?

Answer 2

dry mouth
blurred vision
urinary retention
constipation

Question 3

The ____ antihistamines are lipophilic.

Answer 3

first generation

Question 4

The ____ antihistamines are lipophobic.

Answer 4

second generation

Question 5

The first generation antihistamines competitively block histamine (H1) and _____.

Answer 5

cholinergic receptors

Question 6

The second generation antihistamines competitively block histamine (H1) and _____.

Answer 6

inhibit the release of mast cell mediators (histamine and leukotrienes)

Question 7

The first generation antihistamines are ____ dosing.

Answer 7

Q 4-6 hrs

Question 8

The second generation antihistamines are ____ dosing.

Answer 8

once daily

Question 9

The combination products used for itchy nose and rhinorrhea is antihistamine + decongestant.

Antihistamines have __1__ effects and decongestants have __2__ effects.

Answer 9

1. sedative

2. stimulant

Question 10

What are 3 examples of second generation combination products that include an antihistamine + decongestant?

Answer 10

Claritin-D and Alavert D-12 (loratadine + pseudoephedrine)

Zyrtec-D (cetirizine + pseudoephedrine)

Question 11

An important counseling point for antihistamines is that is may cause ____.

Answer 11

drowsiness

• diphenhydramine is the most drowsy
• chlorpheniramine is intermediate
• loratadine is the least drowsy