Week 4 -L2 Flashcards
Substantive
Nouns
Address
die Adresse, -n
Work
die Arbeit
bath, bathroom
das Bad, -ä-er
Bathroom
das Badezimmer, -
Balcony
der Balkon, -e or -s
Bed
das Bett, -en
Picture
das Bild, -er
Computer
der Computer, -
Hallway
der Flur, -e
Garage
die Garage, -n
Birthday
der Geburtstag, -e
Money
das Geld, -er
house
das Haus, -ä-er
kitchen
die Küche, -n
Lamp
die Lampe, -n
TEACHER: Male vs Female
der Lehrer, -
die Lehrerin, -nen
RENT
die Miete, -n
housemate, roommate (male)
housemate, roommate (female)
der Mitbewohner, -
die Mitbewohnerin, -nen
non-smoker (male)
non-smoker (female)
der Nichtraucher, -
die Nichtraucherin, -nen
BEDROOM
das Schlafzimmer, -
DESK
der Schreibtisch, -e
Sofa
das Sofa, -s
Student Housing
das Studentenwohnheim, -e
Chair
der Stuhl, -ü-e
RUG
der Teppich, -e
Patio/Porch
die Terrasse, -n
Table
der Tisch, -e
Share House
die Wohngemeinschaft (WG), -en
Apartment
die Wohnung, -en
Living Room
das Wohnzimmer, -
Time
die Zeit
Newspaper
die Zeitung, -en
Room
das Zimmer, -
Indoor Plant
die Zimmerpflanze, -n
verbs
verben
To need
brauchen
to think
denken
to have
haben
to buy
kaufen
to cost
kosten
to mean
meinen
to be
sein
to look for
suchen
to drink
trinken
to understand
verstehen
Adjectives and adverbs
ADJEKTIVE UND ADVERBIEN
urgent(ly)
dringend
free, avaliable
frei
cosy, comfortable
gemütlich
immediately
gleich
high
hoch
unfortunately
leider
furnished
möbliert
of course
natürlich
good value
preiswert
black
schwarz
expensive
teuer
perhaps, maybe
vielleicht
rather, quite
ziemlich
SONSTIGES
other
this
dieser
excuse me, sorry
Entschuldigung
something
etwas
somwhere
irgendwo
nothing
nichts
only
nur
already
schon
whats the matter?
Was ist denn los?
gone
weg
which
welcher
how much
wie viel
The SUBJECT of a sentence is the agent
of the action (the “doer of the verb”).
The person or thing which is directly acted
upon is called the DIRECT OBJECT
In German, the SUBJECT of the sentence is in the nominative case.
The DIRECT OBJECT is in
the accusative case
DEFINITE ARTCLICES VS INDEFINITIVE ARTICLES
NOMINATIVE VS ACCUSTATIVE
Note that only
the masculine
articles
change in the
accusative
case!
DEFINITE
NOM: der, die, das, die
ACC: den die das die
INDEFINITE
NOM: ein, eine, ein, keine
ACC: einen eine ein keine
NOMINATIVE NOUNS
You have already learned that pronouns can replace nouns. The pronouns we have been
using so far have all been subject pronouns in the nominative case (e.g. ich = I).
- ich
- du = you (informal singular)
- er = he/it
- sie = she/it
- es = it
- wir = we
- ihr = you (INFORMAL PLURAL)
- sie = they
- Sie = you (formal sing./pl.)
ACCUSATIVE
PRONOUNS
Pronouns can also replace direct object nouns, in which case you use the accusative
pronouns (e.g. mich = me)
Note: The accusative forms of the non-binary neopronouns (nominative) xier and sier are xien and sien.
- mich* = me
- dich* = you
- ihn* = him/it
- sie = her/it
- es = it
- uns* = us
- euch* = you
- sie = them
- Sie = you
- ich
- du = you (informal singular)
- er = he/it
- sie = she/it
- es = it
- wir = we
- ihr = you (INFORMAL PLURAL)
- sie = they
- Sie = you (formal sing./pl.)
enings vs their plurals
Feminine nouns referring to
people that end with -in
take the plural ending -nen.
die Mitbewohnerin
die Mitbewohnerinnen
The endings -e, -n, and
-en are the most common
plural forms.
Nouns ending in -er or -el
don’t take an ending, but
some add an Umlaut.
Remember that
dieser and welcher
operate like the
definite article – i.e.
they take different
endings depending on
the gender and case
of the noun they
precede
So-called “der-words” such as “dieser” (this) and
“welcher” (which) follow the same pattern as the definite
article (i.e. they take the same endings).
NOMINATIVE
MASCULINE:
der
dieser
welcher
FEMININE:
die
diese
welche
NEUTRAL:
das
dieses
welches
PLURAL:
die
diese
welche
- Welcher Tisch ist teuer?
- Dieser Tisch ist teuer!
- Ich finde diesen Tisch teuer.
- Welche Stadt ist groß?
- Diese Stadt ist groß!
- Ich finde diese Stadt groß.
- Welches Buch ist interessant?
- Dieses Buch ist interessant!
- Ich finde dieses Buch interessant.
- Welche Menschen wohnen hier?
- Diese Menschen wohnen hier!
- Ich finde diese Menschen nett
- Which table is expensive?
- This table is expensive!
- I find this table expensive.
- Which city is big?
- This city is big!
- I think this city is big.
- Which book is interesting?
- This book is interesting!
- I find this book interesting.
- Which people live here?
- These people live here!
- I like these people
COFFEE
der Kaffee
sein and haben
are irregular
verbs so their full
conjugations
must be
memorised
age
das Alter, -
answer
die Antwort, -en
architect (male)
architect (female)
der Architekt, -en
die Architektin, -nen
doctor (male)
doctor (female)
der Arzt, -ä-e
die Ärztin, -nen
car
das Auto, -s
profession
der Beruf, -e
letter
der Brief, -e
book
das Buch, -ü-er
accountant (male)
accountant (female)
der Buchhalter, -
die Buchhalterin, -nen
bike
das Fahrrad, ä-er
film
der Film, -e
question
die Frage, -n
woman
die Frau, -en
friend (male)
friend (female)
der Freund, -e
die Freundin, -nen
birthday
der Geburtstag, -e
dog
der Hund, -e
card
die Karten
cat
die Katze, -n
child
das Kind, -er
cinema
das Kino, -s
country
das Land, -ä-er
life
das Leben, -
man
der Mann, ä-er
surname
der Nachname, -n
name
der Name, -n
number
die Nummer, -n
place
der Ort, -e
school
die Schule, -n
town
die Stadt, ä-e
street
die Straße, -n
student (male)
student (female)
der Student, -en
die Studentin, -nen
table
der Tisch, -e
university
die Universität, -en
first name
der Vorname, -n
time
die Zeit, -en
compound nouns and gender noun plural attaches only to the last compound in compound.
Remember: Just as
compound nouns take
the gender of the last
noun in the compound,
the plural attaches only
to the last noun in the
compound.
die Nummer, -n
die Telefonnummer, -n
Dieser and welcher
Remember that
dieser and welcher
operate like the
definite article – i.e.
they take different
endings depending on
the gender and case
of the noun they
precede
understanding inclusive plurals
As we have seen, for every noun referring to a person in German, there is a
male form and a female form: eg. der Student, die Studentin. This means that
there are also male and female plural forms: die Studenten, die Studentinnen.
The ‘gender star’ (das Gendersternchen) is now commonly used before the
feminine plural ending -innen to create a gender-inclusive plural form: eg. die
Studentinnen, die Bürgerinnen (citizens), etc. Importantly, the gender star
doesn’t just indicate both male and female, it signifies all genders. This
inclusive plural form is quickly becoming mainstream, with Hanover becoming
the first state capital to mandate its use in all official communications in 2019.
