WEEK 12 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Flashcards

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1
Q

AUXILLARY VERB

A

The Present Perfect Tense (das Perfekt) is most commonly used in conversation to refer to past events.

It is a compound tense, consisting of the present tense conjugation of the auxiliary verb (Hilfsverb) haben or sein and the past participle (Partizip II) formed from the stem of the action verb.

These two parts of the tense form a sentence bracket.

Wir haben gestern Fußball gespielt.
We played football yesterday.

Dann sind wir in die Kneipe gegangen.
Then we went to the pub

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2
Q

FORMATION OF THE PAST PARTICIPLE: WEAK VERBS

A

ge- [verb stem] -t

brauchen =>
hören =>
kaufen =>
kochen =>
lernen =>
machen =>
sagen =>
spielen =>
suchen =>
tanzen =>
arbeiten =>
kosten =>
reden =>
regnen =>

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3
Q

STRONG VERBS

A

ge- [verb stem] -en

bleiben =>
essen =>
fahren =>
finden =>
geben =>
gehen =>
lesen =>
nehmen =>
schreiben =>
Sehen =>
Sein =>
sprechen =>
trinken =>
werden =>

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4
Q

MIXED VERBS

A

ge- [verb stem] -t

  1. bringen
  2. denken
  3. kennen
  4. wissen

=> gebracht => gedacht => gekannt => gewusst

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5
Q

Verbs ending in -ieren

A

do not add the prefix ge- to the verb stem:

fotografieren => fotografiert reservieren => reserviert
passieren => passiert telefonieren => telefoniert

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6
Q

Separable-prefix verbs

A

form the past participle by inserting the ge- prefix between the separable
prefix and the verb stem:

anrufen => angerufen aufwachen => aufgewacht einschlafen => eingeschlafen aufhören => aufgehört

Separable-prefix verbs may be strong, weak or mixed. Their past participles follow the pattern of the base verb:
stehen => gestanden aufstehen => aufgestande

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7
Q

USE OF HABEN OR SEIN AS THE AUXILIARY VERB

A

Most verbs form the present perfect tense with haben but sein is used when the action verb either:

  1. expresses movement from one place to another
  2. expresses a change of state or condition
  3. is sein, bleiben, passieren or werden
  4. Ich bin mit dem Auto gefahren.
  5. Ulla ist gestern früh eingeschlafen.
  6. Was ist gestern Abend passiert?
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8
Q

INSEPARABLE-PREFIX VERBS

A

With inseparable-prefix verbs, the prefix always stays attached to the base verb.

In the present perfect tense, though, they behave differently from verbs without prefixes: they don’t add ge-:

Wir haben schon bestellt. Was hat er dir empfohlen? Der Film hat mir nicht gefallen.

We already ordered.
What did he recommend to you? I didn’t like the film.

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9
Q

The past participles of all prefix verbs are formed just like the past participles of the verbs they are based on. Compare:

A

stehen aufstehen verstehen
er hat … gestanden
er ist … aufgestanden er hat … verstanden

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