Week 4: Genetics

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

The arrangement of Alleles determines the outcome for the body (AA, Aa, aa)

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

The expression of a genotype

Question 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 3

Chemically, a complex molecule composed of nucleotides joined together with phosphate sugars. Chromosomes are large molecules of DNA.

Question 4

Genetic Engineering

Answer 4

The term most frequently used to describe the technologies for moving genes from ones species to another.

Question 5

Chromosome

Answer 5

The DNA-containing structures in cells.
Composed of segments called genes.
In the cell nucleus.

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

A short segment of a chromosome. Genes direct the synthesis of proteins or perform regulatory functions.

Question 7

Selective Breeding / Artificial Selection

Answer 7

The process by which humans use animal breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits by choosing which animal males and females will sexually reproduce.

Question 8

Somatic Cells

Answer 8

Any cell that isn’t a reproductive cell.

Question 9

Autosomes

Answer 9

All chromosomes other than other than the sex chromosomes

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

Having two sets of chromosomes as opposed to the one set found in gametes

Question 11

Haploid

Answer 11

A cell with half the usual number of chromosomes. Sex cells are haploid.

Question 12

Four Nitrogenous bases

Answer 12

Cytosine =/= Guanine

Thymine =/= Adenine

Question 13

Messenger RNA

Answer 13

Carries the specific information codes for a particular

Question 14

Transfer RNA

Answer 14

Identifies an amino acid and a base triplet in mRNA

Question 15

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 15

Essential for ribosome structure and function

Question 16

Transcription

Answer 16

Process of reading the genetic code

DNA -> RNA

Question 17

Translation

Answer 17

Process of synthesizing the protein from the transcribed code

RNA -> Proetin

Question 18

Translation

Answer 18

Process of synthesizing the protein from the transcribed code

RNA -> Protein

Question 19

Inheritance

Answer 19

Alleles are passed from parent to offspring

Question 20

Locus

Answer 20

Location of a gene on an allele

Question 21

Principle of segregation

Answer 21

When Gametes are formed, the genes at a given locus separate so that each is incorporated into different gametes

Question 22

Principle of Independent Assortment

Answer 22

In the formation of gametes, separation of a pair of genes is independent of the separation of other pairs

Question 23

Gametes

Answer 23

Haploid Sex Cells

Question 24

Haploid

Answer 24

Presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organisms cells

Question 25

Diploid

Answer 25

Presence of two sets of chromosomes in an organisms cells

Question 26

Mitosis

Answer 26

Replication process of somatic cells

Divides into two identical daughter cells

Diploid Cells

Question 27

Meiosis

Answer 27

The process that produces gametes

Haploid cells

Question 28

Codominance

Answer 28

Both alleles are expressed in the phenotype in a heterozygous individual

Question 29

Incomplete dominance

Answer 29

Condition in the heterozygote where both genes are expressed in a way different from either homozygous condition

Example: LL = Long ears, Ll = short ears, and ll = earless

Question 30

Epistasis

Answer 30

Interaction among genes at different loci

Question 31

Multiple Alleles

Answer 31

Genes with 3 or more alleles in the population (BLOOD TYPE)

Question 32

Qualitative traits

Answer 32

Color, horned/non-horned,

Question 33

Quantitative traits

Answer 33

Height, weight, speed, rate of gain, etc.