Animallll Nutrition Carbohydrate

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

Organic nutrients that are made up of carbon and water. CH2O

Question 2

Macronutrients

Answer 2

Needed in large amounts
(carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Water)

Question 3

Micronutrients

Answer 3

Needed in small amounts
(Vitamins, Minerals)

Question 4

Monosaccharide

Answer 4

Single sugar

Simple CHO

Question 5

Disaccharide

Answer 5

2 sugars

Simple CHO

Question 6

Oligosaccharide

Answer 6

3-10 sugars

Complex CHO

Question 7

Polysaccharide

Answer 7

More than 10 sugars

Complex CHO

Question 8

Glucose

Answer 8

Most abundant monosaccharide in nature
Also known as dextrose or sometimes blood sugar
Bunch of glucose come together to form bigger sugars

Question 9

Fructose

Answer 9

Found in fruits, honey, vegetables, and high fructose corn syrup.
Also known as fruit sugar

Question 10

Galactose

Answer 10

Usually exists as part of a disaccharide attached to another sugar (primarily lactose)

Question 11

Maltose

Answer 11

Composed of 2 gluocse
Rarely occurs naturally
Produced whenever starch breaks down

Question 12

Sucrose

Answer 12

Made of glucose and fructose
Table Sugar

Question 13

Lactose

Answer 13

Glucose and galactose
milk sugar

Question 14

Added Sugars

Answer 14

sugars that a manufacturer has added to a processed food product

Question 15

Raffinose and Stachyose

Answer 15

MAKES YOU FART LOL
because they are indigestible…

Question 16

Starch

Answer 16

Polysaccharide

Storage form of glucose (energy) in plants
Composed of long chains of only glucose molecules

Question 17

Amylose

Answer 17

Unbranched chains of glucose

Question 18

Amylopectin

Answer 18

Branched chains of glucose

Question 19

Glycogen

Answer 19

Polysaccharide

Storage form of glucose (energy) in the animal body
Composed of only glucose molecules (highly branched)

Question 20

Fibers

Answer 20

Polysaccharides

Structural parts of plants
Found in all plant-derived foods
indigestible by body enzymes

Question 21

Cellulose

Answer 21

Apple skin
Most abundant carbohydrate
Glue of the plant world :DDDD

Question 22

Alpha (a) bonds

Answer 22

Between glucose molecules in starch.
Easily broken by mammalian digestive enzymes

Question 23

Beta (B) bonds

Answer 23

In fibers.
Indigestible by mammalian digestive enzymes.
Gut microbiota can break em down.

Question 24

Condensation reaction

Answer 24

Reactions that combine simple sugars to make bigger ones

Question 25

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 25

Breaks poly/disaccharides down into single sugars

Question 26

Microvilli

Answer 26

Secrete enzymes to complete the CHO digestion

Question 27

Lactose intolerance

Answer 27

Inability or insufficient ability to digest lactose happens naturally (not a disease)

Question 28

Step 1 of Carb digestion

Answer 28

The action of salivary amylase in the mouth begins to digest starch to shorter glucose chains.

Question 29

Step 2 of Carb digestion

Answer 29

As soon as food reaches the stomach, stomach acid inactivates the amylase

Question 30

Step 3 of Carb Digestion

Answer 30

In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase continues the digestion of starch to maltose. Specific enzymes produced by the microvilli digest the 3 disaccharides.

Question 31

Galactosemia

Answer 31

Condition in which the body can't metabolize galactose to glucose

Question 32

Preferred fuel for the brain, nervous system, fetus, and placenta, and only fuel for red blood cells?

Answer 32

Glucose

Question 33

How is glucose used by cells?

Answer 33

energy needs Stored as glycogen Converted to fat

Question 34

What does Liver do in metabolism?

Answer 34

Converts fructose and galactose to glucose

Question 35

Glucose levels ___ after eating

Answer 35

Rise

Question 36

Glucose levels ___ between meals

Answer 36

fall

Question 37

Insulin

Answer 37

Moves glucose from blood into cells Stimulates liver and muscle to store glucose as glycogen Stimulates conversion of excess glucose to fat

Question 38

Glucagon

Answer 38

Breaks down glycogen to glucose If no glucose available, stimulates the synthesis of glucose from protein in the liver

Question 39

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Cortisol

Answer 39

make u adrenal mode bcuz release glucose go Ahhhh crazy

Question 40

Diabetes

Answer 40

Chronic disease when the body is unable to regulate glucose levels Pancreas does not make enough insulin so the body is not able to use insulin effectively.