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ASCI 001 > Animal Nutrition Exam 3 > Flashcards

Animal Nutrition Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Deanimation

A

Removal of the amino group

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2
Q

The primary source of Nitrogen in the diet

A

Proteins

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3
Q

Positive Nitrogen Balance

A

Growth, Pregnancy, Recovery

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4
Q

Nitrogen Equilibrium

A

Healthy adult animals

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5
Q

Negative Nitrogen Balance

A

Poor quality protein, disease, infections, low energy, overall ASS

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6
Q

Limiting amino acids

A

Slows protein synthesis, Increases breakdown

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7
Q

Carbon Skeleton Uses

A

Make glucose, make fatty acids, broke down for energy

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8
Q

Liver detoxifies Ammonia and makes _____

A

Urea

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9
Q

What is the travel of urea?

A

Urea -> blood -> kidneys -> bladder -> out of body

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10
Q

BUN?

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen

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11
Q

High BUN level?

A

Kidney Disease :0

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12
Q

Low BUN level?

A

Liver disease :0

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13
Q

What are Lipids?

A

Organic Molecules
Macronutrients
Derived from plants AND animals

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14
Q

Hydrophobic

A

insoluble in water

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15
Q

Soluble in fat

A

Lipophilic

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16
Q

What are Fatty acids?

A

A key building block of most lipids
The most common type of lipid
Most of the lipids the animal eats are fatty acids

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17
Q

Double bonds in Saturated fatty acid?

A

No double bonds

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18
Q

Double bonds in Unsaturated Fatty acids?

A

Monounsaturated = 1

Polyunsaturated = more than 1

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19
Q

The shape of a carbon chain is determined by…

A

Saturation (amount of double bonds)
Type of double bonds (cis/trans)

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20
Q

Location of the double bond in carbon chain

A

Nutritionists count to the first double bond from the (omega) end.

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21
Q

Why are Linoleic Acid [18:2, omega-6] and Alpha-Linolenic Acid [18:3] essential?

A

The body cannot form double bonds before the 9th carbon.

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22
Q

Which fatty acid is only essential in cats?

A

Arachidonic Acid [20:4, omega -6]

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23
Q

Triglycerides

A

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Most Fatty acids exist as part of triglyceride molecules
95% of lipids in our food/body are triglycerides.

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24
Q

Phospholipids

A

Phosphorus-containing lipids
1 glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group
water-soluble head and fat-soluble tail

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25
Phospholipids function
Important structural component of cell membranes Needed in Nerve cell function Emulsifier
26
Sterols
Complex, large molecules w/multi-ringed structure Not made of FA's yield NO ENERGY (0 bitches)
27
Cholesterol
A Sterol Major structural component of animal cell membranes Abundant in brain
28
Cholesterol Occurence
Made in animal body/only found in animal products Animals DONT need it Liver is the primary site for cholesterol production, brain and intestines do it too
29
Squalene
Cholesterol precursor Found in whale liver and plants
30
Phytosterols
Plant sterols Lower absorption of dietary cholesterol
31
Mouth role in lipid digestion
FIRST Salivary glands -> Lingual Lipase -> Plays primarily role in milk fat digestion for nursing animals
32
Stomach role in lipid digestion
SECOND Churning motion keeps fat dispersed Gastric Lipase hydrolyzes 30% of triglycerides into diglycerides and free FA's
33
Small intestine role in lipid digestion
The small intestine (duodenum) is the PRIMARY site of lipid digestion. Bile from the liver emulsifies lipids
34
Bile role in lipid digestion
.5 hydrophobic and .5 lipophilic Half binds to lipid and the other half drags it down into chyme so enzymes can grub
35
Transport of lipids
Chylomorphs are too big for the bloodstream, so they pass through larger openings into the lymph
36
Pancreas -> Pancreatic Lipase + Bicarbonate
Bicarbonate neutralizes stomach acid Creates alkaline environment
37
Pancreatic Lipase
Major enzyme of lipids Hydrolyzes triglycerides End products: Monoglycerides, Glycerol, FA's
38
Absorption of Glyceol/short-medium chain FA's
Absorbed directly into the bloodstream
39
Absorption of Long Chain FA's and monoglycerides
Absorbed into SI cells and reformed into triglycerides
40
Absorption of Tryiglycerides, Cholesterol, Protein, Phospholipids
Combine and form chylomicrons then go to lymphatic system
41
Lipoproteins and transport of lipids
Lipoproteins are the transport system for lipids as lipids aren't water-soluble (Blood=water)
42
Chylomicrons (lipoprotein)
Triglyceride Dietary fat Small intestine -> cells
43
Very Low D.L (lipoprotein)
Lipids from liver -> cells
44
Low Density L. (lipoprotein)
Cholesterol from liver -> cells
45
High Density L. (lipoprotein)
Protein Helps remove cholesterol from cells.
46
Carbohydrates in feedstuff
Most abundant macronutrient in feedstuff. Cereal grains/Forage plants
47
Forages for feedstuff
High content of cell wall material (simple sugar) Low in simple carbohydrates and starches
48
First step in Carbohydrate digestion in reticulorumen
Microbial Enzymes they break down carbohydrate polymers to monosaccharides
49
Second step in Carbohydrate digestion in reticulorumen
Break down the monosaccharides to volatile fatty acids and various feed
50
Water facts
Macronutrient Yields no energy (0 kcal/g)
51
Water makes up ____% total body weight
60% of the total body weight (45-75%)
52
Water makeup is species dependent True/False?
TRUE. Water makeup IS species dependent.
53
Water makeup grows with age? True/False?
FALSE. Water makeup declines with age.
54
Water makeup declines with fat mass? True/False?
TRUE. Water makeup is body fat dependent.
55
Water makeup is NOT sex dependent? True/False?
FALSE. Water makeup is sex dependent. Males have a higher percentage than females.
56
Intracellular Water
Water contained inside cells
57
Extracellular Water
Water outside the cell
58
Interstitial Extracellular water
Water between cells
59
Intravascular Extracellular water
Water within blood
60
How does water get rid of waste?
PISS :3
61
Two external sources of water
Drinking/eating lol
62
Three internal sources of water
Oxidation of nutrients Condensation reactions Tissue Metabolism

ASCI 001 (15 decks)

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