Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ASCI 001 > Animal Nutrition Exam 3 > Flashcards

Animal Nutrition Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Deanimation

A

Removal of the amino group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The primary source of Nitrogen in the diet

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Positive Nitrogen Balance

A

Growth, Pregnancy, Recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nitrogen Equilibrium

A

Healthy adult animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Negative Nitrogen Balance

A

Poor quality protein, disease, infections, low energy, overall ASS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Limiting amino acids

A

Slows protein synthesis, Increases breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carbon Skeleton Uses

A

Make glucose, make fatty acids, broke down for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Liver detoxifies Ammonia and makes _____

A

Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the travel of urea?

A

Urea -> blood -> kidneys -> bladder -> out of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BUN?

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

High BUN level?

A

Kidney Disease :0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Low BUN level?

A

Liver disease :0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Lipids?

A

Organic Molecules
Macronutrients
Derived from plants AND animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hydrophobic

A

insoluble in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Soluble in fat

A

Lipophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Fatty acids?

A

A key building block of most lipids
The most common type of lipid
Most of the lipids the animal eats are fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Double bonds in Saturated fatty acid?

A

No double bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Double bonds in Unsaturated Fatty acids?

A

Monounsaturated = 1

Polyunsaturated = more than 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The shape of a carbon chain is determined by…

A

Saturation (amount of double bonds)
Type of double bonds (cis/trans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Location of the double bond in carbon chain

A

Nutritionists count to the first double bond from the (omega) end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why are Linoleic Acid [18:2, omega-6] and Alpha-Linolenic Acid [18:3] essential?

A

The body cannot form double bonds before the 9th carbon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which fatty acid is only essential in cats?

A

Arachidonic Acid [20:4, omega -6]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Triglycerides

A

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Most Fatty acids exist as part of triglyceride molecules
95% of lipids in our food/body are triglycerides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Phospholipids

A

Phosphorus-containing lipids
1 glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group
water-soluble head and fat-soluble tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Phospholipids function

A

Important structural component of cell membranes
Needed in Nerve cell function
Emulsifier

26
Q

Sterols

A

Complex, large molecules w/multi-ringed structure
Not made of FA’s yield NO ENERGY (0 bitches)

27
Q

Cholesterol

A

A Sterol
Major structural component of animal cell membranes
Abundant in brain

28
Q

Cholesterol Occurence

A

Made in animal body/only found in animal products
Animals DONT need it
Liver is the primary site for cholesterol production, brain and intestines do it too

29
Q

Squalene

A

Cholesterol precursor

Found in whale liver and plants

30
Q

Phytosterols

A

Plant sterols

Lower absorption of dietary cholesterol

31
Q

Mouth role in lipid digestion

A

FIRST
Salivary glands -> Lingual Lipase -> Plays primarily role in milk fat digestion for nursing animals

32
Q

Stomach role in lipid digestion

A

SECOND
Churning motion keeps fat dispersed
Gastric Lipase hydrolyzes 30% of triglycerides into diglycerides and free FA’s

33
Q

Small intestine role in lipid digestion

A

The small intestine (duodenum) is the PRIMARY site of lipid digestion.
Bile from the liver emulsifies lipids

34
Q

Bile role in lipid digestion

A

.5 hydrophobic and .5 lipophilic
Half binds to lipid and the other half drags it down into chyme so enzymes can grub

35
Q

Transport of lipids

A

Chylomorphs are too big for the bloodstream, so they pass through larger openings into the lymph

36
Q

Pancreas -> Pancreatic Lipase + Bicarbonate

A

Bicarbonate neutralizes stomach acid
Creates alkaline environment

37
Q

Pancreatic Lipase

A

Major enzyme of lipids
Hydrolyzes triglycerides
End products: Monoglycerides, Glycerol, FA’s

38
Q

Absorption of Glyceol/short-medium chain FA’s

A

Absorbed directly into the bloodstream

39
Q

Absorption of Long Chain FA’s and monoglycerides

A

Absorbed into SI cells and reformed into triglycerides

40
Q

Absorption of Tryiglycerides, Cholesterol, Protein, Phospholipids

A

Combine and form chylomicrons then go to lymphatic system

41
Q

Lipoproteins and transport of lipids

A

Lipoproteins are the transport system for lipids as lipids aren’t water-soluble (Blood=water)

42
Q

Chylomicrons (lipoprotein)

A

Triglyceride
Dietary fat
Small intestine -> cells

43
Q

Very Low D.L (lipoprotein)

A

Lipids from liver -> cells

44
Q

Low Density L. (lipoprotein)

A

Cholesterol from liver -> cells

45
Q

High Density L. (lipoprotein)

A

Protein
Helps remove cholesterol from cells.

46
Q

Carbohydrates in feedstuff

A

Most abundant macronutrient in feedstuff.
Cereal grains/Forage plants

47
Q

Forages for feedstuff

A

High content of cell wall material (simple sugar)
Low in simple carbohydrates and starches

48
Q

First step in Carbohydrate digestion in reticulorumen

A

Microbial Enzymes
they break down carbohydrate polymers to monosaccharides

49
Q

Second step in Carbohydrate digestion in reticulorumen

A

Break down the monosaccharides to volatile fatty acids and various feed

50
Q

Water facts

A

Macronutrient
Yields no energy (0 kcal/g)

51
Q

Water makes up ____% total body weight

A

60% of the total body weight (45-75%)

52
Q

Water makeup is species dependent True/False?

A

TRUE. Water makeup IS species dependent.

53
Q

Water makeup grows with age? True/False?

A

FALSE. Water makeup declines with age.

54
Q

Water makeup declines with fat mass? True/False?

A

TRUE. Water makeup is body fat dependent.

55
Q

Water makeup is NOT sex dependent? True/False?

A

FALSE. Water makeup is sex dependent. Males have a higher percentage than females.

56
Q

Intracellular Water

A

Water contained inside cells

57
Q

Extracellular Water

A

Water outside the cell

58
Q

Interstitial Extracellular water

A

Water between cells

59
Q

Intravascular Extracellular water

A

Water within blood

60
Q

How does water get rid of waste?

A

PISS :3

61
Q

Two external sources of water

A

Drinking/eating lol

62
Q

Three internal sources of water

A

Oxidation of nutrients
Condensation reactions
Tissue Metabolism

ASCI 001 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions