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Pharm 2 > Week 4 drugs for upper respiratory infections > Flashcards

Week 4 drugs for upper respiratory infections Flashcards

1
Q

Contagious period of common cold

A

1-4 days before symptoms appear you can be contagious

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2
Q

Acute rhinitis

A

Acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa due to vasodilation.

Accompanies the common cold or seasonal allergies.

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3
Q

Allergic rhinitis

A

Due to pollen or foreign substance.

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4
Q

Antihistamines (H1-blockers)

A

Action: decrease nasopharyngeal secretions, nasal itching, and tickling that cause sneezing and motion sickness.

NOT used for emergency situations like anaphylaxis.

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5
Q

First generation antihistamine

Secondary effect is used for primary

A

Side effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, fatigue.

Example drug: diphenhydramine( bendadryl)

Don’t like to use for kids(decreases respiratory status)

Can also make some kids very hyper.

Can be given IV or PO

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6
Q

Second generation antihistamines

Aka nonsedating antihistamines

A

Advise against use of alcohol and CNS depressants.

Have less anticholinergic symptoms.

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7
Q

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

A

Second generation antihistamine.

OTC
Used for allergic rhinitis
Given PO

1/2 life: 8 hours

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8
Q

Fexofenadine (Allegra)

A

Second generation antihistamine
OTC
Given PO
For allergic rhinitis and rhinorrhea

Has less sedative effect

1/2 life:14.4 hours

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9
Q

Loratadine( Claritin)

A 
Second generation antihistamine 
OTC
PO
Used for allergic rhinitis.
Long lasting H1-blocking effect.

1/2 life: 12-15 hours

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10
Q

Azelastine(Astelin)

A

Second generation antihistamine

NASAL SPRAY
Used for allergic rhinitis.

May cause headaches, mild sedation and bitter taste.

1/2 life: 22 hours

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11
Q

Desloratadine (Clarinex)

A

Second generation antihistamine
OTC
PO
For allergic rhinitis

1/2 life: 27 hours

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12
Q

Nasal and systemic decongestants

A

Action: stimulates Alpha-1 vasoconstriction to blood vessels in nose, causes decreases mucous secretions.

Adrenergic agonists

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13
Q

Systemic decongestants

A

Given OTC Side effects: jittery/ nervous feeling, hypertension and hyperglycemia.

Frequent use of decongestants especially nose drops or nasal spray can result in rebound congestion.

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14
Q

Pseudoephedrine (sudafed)

A

Systemic decongestant

Given PO OTC
For Rhinitis
Stimulates A1,B1

Less CNS stimulation and hypertension than ephedrine)

1/2 life:9-15 hours

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15
Q

Oxymetazoline(Afrin)

A

Systemic decongestant

GTT or Nasal Spray OTC

long acting decongestant,taken BID(morning and evening) can cause rebound congestion.

Only use 3-5 days

Stimulates: A1,B1,B2

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16
Q

Contraindications to taking systemic decongestants

A

Diabetes
Cardiac disorders
Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism

17
Q

Phenylpropanolamine

A

A systemic decongestant that is no longer being made.

Was found to give users strokes

18
Q

Intranasal glucocorticoids

A

Steroid sprays for the nose.

Treat allergic rhinitis

Have anti inflammatory effect.

Have less systemic side effects unless used for more than 30 days.

19
Q

Fluticasone (Flonase)

A

Intranasal glucocorticoid
Nasal spray

For seasonal allergic rhinitis.

When symptoms decrease, reduce to 1 spray daily.

20
Q

Tramcinolone(nasacort)

A

Intranasal glucocorticoid
1-2 sprays daily

Used for seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Has many uses such as immunosuppressant

21
Q

Mometasone(Nasonex)

A

Intranasal glucocorticoid

1 nasal spray daily

For seasonal allergic rhinitis

Direct spray away from nasal septum,gently sniff.

22
Q

Patient teaching for Benadryl

A

Warm patient not to drive or perform other dangerous activities if drowsiness occurs or until stabilized on drug.

Advise to avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants

23
Q

antitussives

A

Act on the couch center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex.

Can lead to respiratory depression.

Do not give to kids younger than 4.

24
Q

Dextromethophan/guaifenesin (Robitussin DM)

Cough suppressant/expectorant

A

For nonproductive cough

Given PO

25
Q

Codeine

A

Narcotic schedule 2

Cough suppressant

May cause drowsiness

Need a prescription

26
Q

Guaifenesin and codeine (Robitussin AC)

A

Used to control cough caused by bronchitis or common cold.

27
Q

Expectorants

A

Used to loosen bronchial secretions so that they can be eliminated by coughing.

Patient should increase fluid(water) intake to atleast 8 glasses per day to assist in loosening mucous.

Can be combined with many other pharmacological agents

28
Q

Guaifenesin-dextromethorphan (Robitussin)

A

Used to loosen mucous secretions

29
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more of the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, or sphenoid sinuses.

TX: systemic of nasal decongestant, fluids, and antibiotics for severe sinusitis.

30
Q

Acute pharyngitis

A

Soar throat

TX: saline gargles, antibiotics with bacterial infections

31
Q

Etiology of common cold

A

Caused by the rhinovirus.

Don’t give antibiotics

Pharm 2 (21 decks)

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