Week 2 Cholinergics&anticholinergics

Question 1

2 types of cholinergic receptors

Answer 1

• muscarinic: stimulate smooth muscle and slow the heart rate
• nicotinic receptors:effect the skeletal muscle

Question 2

Direct acting cholinergics

Answer 2

Act on receptors to activate tissue response

-work mostly on muscarinic receptors

Question 3

Pilocarpine HCL(pilocar)

Answer 3

• cholinergic
• eye drops that cause pupillary constriction
• promotes discharge of aqueous humor

Question 4

Metoclopramide(reglan)

Answer 4

• given po for GERD
• cholinergic
• given IV for nausea

Question 5

Cholinergic cardiovascular

Answer 5

• decreases heart rate
• lowers bp(vasodilation)
• slows conduction of AV node

Question 6

Cholinergic GI

Answer 6

• increases tone and motility

- increases peristalsis

Question 7

Cholinergic genitourinary

Answer 7

• contracts muscles or bladder
• increases tone of uterus
• stimulates urination

Question 8

Cholinergic ocular

Answer 8

Pupillary constriction

Question 9

Cholinergic glandular

Answer 9

Increase salvation, perspiration, tears

Question 10

Cholinergic lungs

Answer 10

• stimulates bronchial smooth muscle contraction

- increases bronchial secretion

Question 11

Bethanechol chloride 
(Prototype)

Answer 11

• cholinergic
• treats urinary retention(increases bladder tone)
• given ONLY subcut or PO

Question 12

Side effects of direct acting cholinergics

Answer 12

• hypotension
• bradycardia
• bronchoconstriction
• excessive salivation
• increased secretion of gastric acid

Question 13

Indirect acting cholinergics

Answer 13

• called acetylcholine inhibitors(AChE)

- enZyme that breaks down acetylcholine

Question 14

Effects of anticholinergics

Answer 14

• increased HR,BP
• pupil dilation
• bronchial dilation/decreased secretion
• decreased saliva
• relaxed bladder(urinary retention)
• decreased peristalsis

Question 15

Cholinergic side effects

Answer 15

• Bradycardia
• urinary incontinence
• diarrhea
• diaphoresis
• GI cramps
• emesis
• salivation

Question 16

Anticholinergics/parasympatholytics

Answer 16

By blocking the parasympathetic nerves the sympathetic nerves(adrenergic) nerves dominate

Question 17

Major responses of anticholinergics

Answer 17

• can’t see: pupillary dilation
• can’t pee: relaxed bladder tone
• can’t spit:decreased mucous
• can’t shit:decreased peristalsis

Question 18

Atropine

-prototype anticholinergic

Answer 18

-used for preop decrease salivation
-increase HR(emergency use)
-dilate pupils for eye examination
-SE:blurred vision,
Tachycardia,dry mouth

Question 19

Cholinergic agonists

Answer 19

Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic system

AKA: parasymphomimetic

-acetylcholine is made neurotransmitter

Question 20

Tolteradine tartrate

Answer 20

Detrol

• anticholinergic
• treatment for urinary incontinence

Question 21

Tolteradine tartrate

Answer 21

Detrol

• anticholinergic
• treatment for urinary incontinence

Question 22

Cholinergic side effects

Answer 22

Bradycardia
Urinary incontinence 
Diarrhea 
GI cramps 
Emesis
Salivation

Question 23

Meclizine

Answer 23

• antivert

- used to rest vertigo