Week 2 Cholinergics&anticholinergics Flashcards
2 types of cholinergic receptors
- muscarinic: stimulate smooth muscle and slow the heart rate
- nicotinic receptors:effect the skeletal muscle
Direct acting cholinergics
Act on receptors to activate tissue response
-work mostly on muscarinic receptors
Pilocarpine HCL(pilocar)
- cholinergic
- eye drops that cause pupillary constriction
- promotes discharge of aqueous humor
Metoclopramide(reglan)
- given po for GERD
- cholinergic
- given IV for nausea
Cholinergic cardiovascular
- decreases heart rate
- lowers bp(vasodilation)
- slows conduction of AV node
Cholinergic GI
- increases tone and motility
- increases peristalsis
Cholinergic genitourinary
- contracts muscles or bladder
- increases tone of uterus
- stimulates urination
Cholinergic ocular
Pupillary constriction
Cholinergic glandular
Increase salvation, perspiration, tears
Cholinergic lungs
- stimulates bronchial smooth muscle contraction
- increases bronchial secretion
Bethanechol chloride (Prototype)
- cholinergic
- treats urinary retention(increases bladder tone)
- given ONLY subcut or PO
Side effects of direct acting cholinergics
- hypotension
- bradycardia
- bronchoconstriction
- excessive salivation
- increased secretion of gastric acid
Indirect acting cholinergics
- called acetylcholine inhibitors(AChE)
- enZyme that breaks down acetylcholine
Effects of anticholinergics
- increased HR,BP
- pupil dilation
- bronchial dilation/decreased secretion
- decreased saliva
- relaxed bladder(urinary retention)
- decreased peristalsis
Cholinergic side effects
- Bradycardia
- urinary incontinence
- diarrhea
- diaphoresis
- GI cramps
- emesis
- salivation
Anticholinergics/parasympatholytics
By blocking the parasympathetic nerves the sympathetic nerves(adrenergic) nerves dominate
Major responses of anticholinergics
- can’t see: pupillary dilation
- can’t pee: relaxed bladder tone
- can’t spit:decreased mucous
- can’t shit:decreased peristalsis
Atropine
-prototype anticholinergic
-used for preop decrease salivation
-increase HR(emergency use)
-dilate pupils for eye examination
-SE:blurred vision,
Tachycardia,dry mouth
Cholinergic agonists
Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic system
AKA: parasymphomimetic
-acetylcholine is made neurotransmitter
Tolteradine tartrate
Detrol
- anticholinergic
- treatment for urinary incontinence
Tolteradine tartrate
Detrol
- anticholinergic
- treatment for urinary incontinence
Cholinergic side effects
Bradycardia Urinary incontinence Diarrhea GI cramps Emesis Salivation
Meclizine
- antivert
- used to rest vertigo
