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Pharm 2 > Diabetic Drugs > Flashcards

Diabetic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Three P’s of diabetes

A

Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphasia(hunger)

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2
Q

Cultural occurrence of diabetes

A

Increased in:

  • African American
  • Native American
  • Hispanic
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3
Q

Finger stick

Blood serum

A

60-100
70-110
Anything over 180 spills out into urine

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4
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Insulin dependent

“Juvenile” onset-lack of insulin production

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5
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A 
Non-insulin dependent 
Most commonly found in older adults 
Obesity 
Body produces some insulin but not enough 
Or could be insulin resistant
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6
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

Occurs during pregnancy

May subsid

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7
Q

Secondary diabetes

A

-stress response due to increased cortisol levels=increased blood sugar

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8
Q

DKA

A 
Dehydration is biggest issue
IV fluids:NS
Possible insulin pump
Hourly accu-check
Monitor electrolytes
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9
Q

Hemoglobin A1C

A

Monitors past three months

Less than 7% in diabetics less than 5% in non(greater than 6.5 is a concern)

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10
Q

Insulin

A

Promotes the uptake of glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and converts then to substances that are stored in body cells(lover and stomach

If mixing mix clear to cloudy
Beta cell secretion of insulin in pancreas

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11
Q

Rapid acting insulin

A

Onset:5-15 minutes
Duration:2-5 hours
Peak:one hour
eat immediately

logs

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12
Q

Short acting insulin

A

Onset:30 min
Duration:6-8 hours
Peak:2-4 hours

Only type of insulting that can be given SQ&IV

Ex: Humulin R, Novolin R

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13
Q

Intermediate acting insulin

A

Onset:1-2 hours
Duration:18-24 hours
Peak:6-12 hours

Ex:Humulin N/Novolin N
Ex: Humulin L/Novolin L

Levemir is intermediate acting and long acting

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14
Q

Long acting insulin

A

Lasts:12-24 hours
Never peaks
Ex:Lantus

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15
Q

SE of insulin

A

Hypoglycemia: nervousness,tremors, perspiration

Give sugar or IV glucose

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16
Q

Ketoacidosis hyperglycemia reaction

A 
Extreme thirst 
Polyuria
Fruity breath
Kussmaul breathing 
Rapid thready pulse 
Blood sugar above 250
17
Q

Insulin pen

A

No fridge for a month

Causes higher compliance with patient

18
Q

Insulin pump

A

Subcut needle that tapes in place
Secretes rapid acting insulin
Dial in bolus before meals

19
Q

Oral anti-diabetics

A

Can’t give to type one

Sulfonylureas: stimulate insulin production

20
Q

Second generation sulfonylureas

A 
Onset:15-30 min
Peak:1-2 hours
Lasts 24 hours 
glipizide(glucotrol)
NO ALCOHOL 
Excreted through kidneys
Highly protein bound 
 Similar side effects to insulin
21
Q

Patient teaching

A

Teach patient to know and report S/S of hypoglycemia,and hyperglycemia(Thirst,DKA, Increased urine output, fruity breath)

Teach patient to carry medic alert card,tag, or wrist band with health issue and insulin dosage u

22
Q

Biguanides

Most type 2’s on this

A

Metformin(glucophage)
Decreases hepatic production of stored glycogen

With old for 48 hours before and after the client has IV contrast dye(lactic acidosis or acute renal failure may occur)

Excreted through kidneys, not metabolized by liver

23
Q

Thiazolidinediones

A

Decrease insulin resistance and improves blood glucose control

Rosiglitazone(avandia)
WARNING:heart disease patients
Can cause severe fluid retention
Take on empty stomach

24
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A

Breakdown the glucose after meals and store it away

These drugs inhibit digestive enzymes

25
Q

Meglininides

A 
Shorts acting
Act like sulfa drugs and stimulate insulin
TID or QID
Prandin
Starlix
26
Q

Incretin modifyer

A

Act to increase insulin secretion,decrease glucagon secretion
“Januvia”
Good SE: weight loss, lower A1C

27
Q

SLGT-2 inhibitors

A

Increase urine excretion of glucose,which decreases blood glucose

Invokana
Farxiga

SE:UTI’s, hypotension

28
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

If they’re awake and can eat give them Anything PO to raise sugar

Give D-50 if have to be given IV

29
Q

Hyperglycemia drugs

A

Glucagon:increases blood sugar by stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver

Give SQ,IM,IV
Used to treat hypoglycemia
Onset 5-20 minutes

Pharm 2 (21 decks)

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