Week 4 Drugd For Acute And Chronic Lower Respiratory Infection

Question 1

Major pulmonary disorders that cause COPD

Answer 1

Chronic bronchitis
Brochiectasis
Emphysema
Asthma

Question 2

Environmental factors causing asthma

Answer 2

External: humidity, air pressure changes, temp changes, work, exercise.

Internal: emotion, stress

Question 3

Pollutants causing asthma

Answer 3

Smoke
Air pollution(cars, industry)

Perfume

Question 4

Sympathomimetics

Answer 4

Used for acute asthma attack.

Increases cyclic AMP in lung tissues, brochodilation results.

Epinephrine: for emergency
Restores circulation and increases airway patency.

SE: heart palpitations, hypertension

Question 5

Albuterol(Proventil)

Answer 5

Selective beta-2 agonist
Used for chronic asthma
Promotes bronchodilation

Too much usage can increase heart rate

Question 6

Metaproternol(alupent)

Answer 6

Used for long term asthma treatment.

Effects:brochodilation, some increase in HR.

Frequently given by inhalation

Question 7

Levalbuterol(Xopenex)

Answer 7

Beta-2 agonist

Possibly causes less tachycardia.

Good for pediatric population.

Question 8

Ipratropium bromide(Atrovent)

Answer 8

Stronger than albuterol, less doses, don’t give too much.

Action: dilates bronchioles

Question 9

Tiotropium(Spiriva)

Answer 9

Maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD.

Given via inhalation

Less side effects

Question 10

Ipratropium bromide combined with albuterol

Answer 10

Combivent

Used to treat chronic bronchitis.

Combination is more effective and has longer duration of action than either agent used alone.

Question 11

Theophylline(Theo-Dur)

Xanthine derivative

Answer 11

Prescribed for chronic emphazyma.

SE: GI disturbances, nervousness, irritability, cardiac dysrhythmias, tachycardia, palpitations, hypoglycemia.

Has a narrow therapeutic window, serum theo levels should be 10-20mcg

Smoking decreases the half life

Contraindications: seizures, liver/ renal failure.

Question 12

COPD

Answer 12

Airway obstruction with increased airway resistance to air flow

Question 13

Montelukast(singulair)

Leukotriene modifier

Answer 13

Reduces inflammatory process and decreases bronchostriction.

Should not be used for acute attack. Only for prophylactic and maintenance therapy of chronic asthma.

Good for kids/seasonal allergies

SE:mood swings

Question 14

Beclomethasone (Beconase)

Answer 14

Steroid aerosol inhaler

Can take 1-4 weeks to achieve its affect.

Can be on a long time with no systemic effects.

Question 15

Budesonide(Pulmicort)

Answer 15

Steroid neb/nasal spray

Can taken1-4 weeks to achieve affect.

Can be on a long time with no systemic affects.

Question 16

Dexamethasone (Decadeon)

Answer 16

Steroid PO or IV

DONT STOP THESE COLD TURKEY.

Given over a 3-5 day course to treat acute asthmatic attacks

Have many systemic side effects of used for long term.

Question 17

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

Answer 17

Prednisone& prednisolone

Can be given PO IV or Injection over a course of 3-5 days.

SE: hypertension, mood swings, hyperglycemia, gitteryness

Question 18

Advair

Answer 18

Combo drug steroid and beta-agonist(long acting beta-2 agonist)

Propionate(Flonase) and salmeterol (Serevent) given BID for prevention

Question 19

Mucolytics

Answer 19

Liquifies and loosens thick mucous secretions.

Administer 5 minutes after a bronchodilator.

Question 20

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Answer 20

Mucolytic inhaled

Also used for antidote for acetominophen overdose.

Question 21

Dornase alpha (Pulmozyme)

Answer 21

Inhaled mucolytic

For clients with cystic fibrosis

Question 22

Use of meter dose inhaler

Answer 22

Shake
Breath out
Nice deep breath in while pushing inhaler.
Hold breath for a few seconds.
Exhale slowly
Wait 2 min if second dose is needed 
Then repeat.

If steroid Administer bronchodilator first, wait 5 minutes between and rinse mouth. Can cause thrush.