Week 4 (Chapter 25, 27, 31) Flashcards
What is the core purpose of both memory and attention?
To guide adaptive behaviour in a flexible way that takes into account what is relevant within a given context
In guiding flexible and adaptive behaviour, memory provides _______ and attention _______
- the informational content
- prioritizes and selects what is likely to be important
Memory cells are more active when _____
Their preferred stimulus is held in mind
What do descriptive models do?
Characterize cognitive processes at the group level
What do predictive models do?
Forecast behaviour for individuals
What is the network neuroscience perspective?
Sees the brain regions as nodes, and interactions between them can either be structural or functional
Graph theoretical approaches have shown that ____
Human brain networks show features common to other complex systems
What is connectome-based predictive modelling?
Identifies functional connections related to behaviour in a group of people, and examines the strength of these connections in new individuals to predict their behaviour
The activation of neurons during the use of working memory is _____
Scattered across brain regions
Whag is the bump attractor model?
Neurons are arranged around a ring according to their selectivity - causing recurrent connections and a “bump” of activity
What are two potential ways to optimize working memory?
- chunking
- executive control
Is it possible to have a “control” brain with absolutely no biases?
No
What are some examples of instincts in the brain?
- grasping and plantar reflexes
- perception of emotion on faces
- acquiring language
What is a major factor in shaping the continuum of information storage in the brain?
long-term environmental stability
What did Karl Lashey search for?
Engrams in rodents
What do grid, place, and time cells do?
- Grid cells - map space via cell lattice
- Place cells - active in learned locations
- Time cells - track task sequence locations
How does the hippocampus map experience?
- Intrinsic sequence generation
- Dynamic connectivity
- Prediction and error-driven learning
- Spatiotemporal scaffold
- Context-specific coding
What does the term “attention” encompass?
- selection and enhancement of relevant information
- inhibition of distraction
- the maintenance of vigilance over time
Working memory requires ____ activity, but has distributed processes in _____
- Prefrontal cortex
- The parietal and sensory cortex
What is short-term synaptic plasticity?
Temporary synaptic reweightings biased towards presently relevant information
What is a possible mechanism for working memory?
Phase-amplitude coupling of neural synchrony
What are the two components of working memory content control?
- Distractor suppression correlates with capacity
- Selection reprioritizes items currently stored in working memory
What is the prospective function of working memory?
Task demands bias working memory towards specific features
What is the retrospective function of attention?
Attention can be directed to the contents of working
memory itself in order to “retroactively” predict
task-relevant demands
The functional connectivity of the brain resembles a ______ network and structurally resembles a ______ network
- scale-free
- small world
What is the three-component model of attention?
- Alerting
- Orienting
- Executive networks
What type of network is associated with internal attention?
Default mode network
What are two predictive models of attention?
- distractor suppression
- sustained attention
How does the distractor suppression model of attention work?
Distractor suppression is predicted by within-DMN connectivity and DMN-to-other-network connectivity
How does the sustained attention model work?
- connectome-based predictive modelling
- groups of individuals are tested using a performance task, then the models are applied to novel individuals
