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PSYC 382 > Neuroanatomy Review > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Review Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of analysis

A
  • Macroscopic
  • Mesoscopic
  • Microscopic
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2
Q

Macroscopic analysis

A

Large-scale systems such as the immune system, circulatory system, and nervous system

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3
Q

Mesoscopic analysis

A

Mid-level areas such as subcortical nuclei, cortical sustems, and hypercolumns

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4
Q

Microscopic analysis

A

Mostly neurons and glial cells

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5
Q

What are the two primary divisions of the nervous system?

A
  • Peripheral nervous system

- Central nervous system

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6
Q

Horizontal plane

A

Cut from the top

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7
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Cut from front to back

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8
Q

Coronal plane

A

Cut from left to right

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9
Q

What systems does the peripheral nervous system contain?

A
  • Enteric nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Somatic nervous system
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10
Q

What does the central nervous system contain?

A

The spinal cord and brain

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11
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

The parts of the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord; relay information between your brain and the rest of your body

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12
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

The “gut”; can control gastrointestinal behaviour

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13
Q

Divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A
  • Sympathetic (activating)

- Parasympathetic (calming)

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14
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Controls involuntary actions

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15
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

Controls voluntary body movement

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16
Q

What types of nerves does the somatic nervous system contain?

A
  • Afferents (sensory)

- Efferents (motor)

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17
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A
  • Olfactory
  • Optic
  • Oculomotor
  • Trochlear
  • Trigeminal
  • Bducens
  • Facial
  • Vestibucochlear
  • Glosspharyngeal
  • Vagus
  • Spinal accessory
  • Hypoglossal
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18
Q

Olfactory nerves handle _____

A

smell

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19
Q

Optic nerves handle _____

A

vision

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20
Q

Oculomotor nerves handle _____

A

most eye movements

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21
Q

Trochlear nerves handle _____

A

rotation & vertical eye motion

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22
Q

Trigeminal nerves handle _____

A

jaw movement & face sense

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23
Q

Absucens nerves handle _____

A

outward horizontal eye motion

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24
Q

Facial nerves handle _____

A

face movement

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25
Vestibulocochlear nerves handle _____
balance & hearing
26
Glossopharyngeal nerves handle _____
taste & throat movement
27
Vagus nerves handle _____
autonomic nervous system
28
Spinal accessory nerves handle _____
neck movement
29
Hypoglossal nerves handle _____
tongue movement
30
The hindbrain contains:
- Medulla - Pons - Cerebellum
31
The medulla function:
"Life support systems" such as breathing and heartbeat
32
The pons function:
regulation of functions carried out by the cranial nerves
33
The cerebellum contins ______ and controls ______
- half of the neurons in the brain | - motor programs (skilled movement)
34
The midbrain function:
Some sensory & motor functions, auditory & visual processing
35
Parts of the diencephalon (4):
- Epithalamus - Thalamus - Subthalamus - Hypothalamus
36
The epithalamus contains:
- Habenula | - Pineal gland
37
Thalamus function:
- relaying sensory and motor signals | - regultion of consciousness & alertness
38
The subthalamus integrates with the ______ and it's functions are:
- Basal ganglia | - sexuality, food & water intake, and cardiovascular activity
39
Hypothalamus function:
- Homeostasis - Sleep & circadian rhythm - Motivations
40
The forebrain contains:
- Limbic system - Diencephalon - Basal ganglia - Cerebral cortex
41
The limbic system contains:
- Septal nuclei - Amygdala - Hippocampus - Hypothalamus (mammillary bodies) - Thalamus (anterior nucleus) - Cingulate cortex
42
Septal nuclei function:
Hedonic response (pleasure, reward)
43
Amygdala function:
Affective learning (emotion)
44
Hippocampus function:
- spacial cognition | - episodic memory
45
Cingulate cortex function:
- stimulus valuation - goal tracking - error correction
46
Parts of the basal ganglia:
- Striatum - Globus pallidus - Subthalamic nucleus - Substantia nigra
47
Striatum parts/functions:
- Ventral (reward/reinforcement) | - Dorsal (vigilance, motor plan updating)
48
Globus pallidus function:
motor plan regulation
49
Subthalamic nucleus function:
response selection
50
Substantia nigra function:
motor control
51
Lobes of the cerebral cortex:
- Frontal - Temporal - Insular - Parietal - Occipital
52
Frontal lobe functions:
- smell - emotion - motor planning/execution - executive function
53
Temporal lobe functions:
- Auditory - semantic memory - symbolic representations
54
Insular lobe functions:
- conscious feelings in the body | - emotion
55
Parietal lobe functions:
- sensory - spatial maps & distance metrics - motion
56
Occipital lobe function
visual
57
Networks
Largest functional unit of coordinated brain activity
58
Areas
Cortical regions dedicated to a common function
59
Subareas
Well-defined parts of cortical areas
60
Hypercolumns
Functional unit for a given receptive field parameter range
61
Minicolumns
2mm cylindrical collection of similarly tined neurons
62
Neurons
Individual cells, dynamically tuned to one stimulus receptive field
63
Two primary types of cells
- Glial cells | - Neurons
64
Types of glial cells:
- radial glia - astrocytes - microglia - oligodendrocytes - Schwann cells
65
Radial glia
produce all neurons in the cerebral cortex
66
Astrocytes
- blood-brain barrier | - computation
67
Microglia
"brain's immune cells"
68
Olidodendrocytes
central nervous system myelination
69
Schwann cells
peripheral nervous system myelination
70
Three major components of a neuron:
- Input (dendritic trees( - Integration (somas) - Output (axons)
71
The axon hillock creates a ____ for electrical stimulation, above which an __________ will fire
- threshold | - action potential
72
Electrical signals are sent from the ____ down to the _____
- soma | - axon terminals
73
Axon terminals make contact with another _____ leaving a tiny space called the ______
- neuron | - synaptic cleft

PSYC 382 (13 decks)

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