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PSYC 382 > Neuroanatomy Review > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Review Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of analysis

A
  • Macroscopic
  • Mesoscopic
  • Microscopic
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2
Q

Macroscopic analysis

A

Large-scale systems such as the immune system, circulatory system, and nervous system

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3
Q

Mesoscopic analysis

A

Mid-level areas such as subcortical nuclei, cortical sustems, and hypercolumns

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4
Q

Microscopic analysis

A

Mostly neurons and glial cells

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5
Q

What are the two primary divisions of the nervous system?

A
  • Peripheral nervous system

- Central nervous system

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6
Q

Horizontal plane

A

Cut from the top

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7
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Cut from front to back

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8
Q

Coronal plane

A

Cut from left to right

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9
Q

What systems does the peripheral nervous system contain?

A
  • Enteric nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Somatic nervous system
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10
Q

What does the central nervous system contain?

A

The spinal cord and brain

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11
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

The parts of the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord; relay information between your brain and the rest of your body

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12
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

The “gut”; can control gastrointestinal behaviour

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13
Q

Divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A
  • Sympathetic (activating)

- Parasympathetic (calming)

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14
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Controls involuntary actions

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15
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

Controls voluntary body movement

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16
Q

What types of nerves does the somatic nervous system contain?

A
  • Afferents (sensory)

- Efferents (motor)

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17
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A
  • Olfactory
  • Optic
  • Oculomotor
  • Trochlear
  • Trigeminal
  • Bducens
  • Facial
  • Vestibucochlear
  • Glosspharyngeal
  • Vagus
  • Spinal accessory
  • Hypoglossal
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18
Q

Olfactory nerves handle _____

A

smell

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19
Q

Optic nerves handle _____

A

vision

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20
Q

Oculomotor nerves handle _____

A

most eye movements

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21
Q

Trochlear nerves handle _____

A

rotation & vertical eye motion

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22
Q

Trigeminal nerves handle _____

A

jaw movement & face sense

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23
Q

Absucens nerves handle _____

A

outward horizontal eye motion

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24
Q

Facial nerves handle _____

A

face movement

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25
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerves handle _____

A

balance & hearing

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26
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerves handle _____

A

taste & throat movement

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27
Q

Vagus nerves handle _____

A

autonomic nervous system

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28
Q

Spinal accessory nerves handle _____

A

neck movement

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29
Q

Hypoglossal nerves handle _____

A

tongue movement

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30
Q

The hindbrain contains:

A
  • Medulla
  • Pons
  • Cerebellum
31
Q

The medulla function:

A

“Life support systems” such as breathing and heartbeat

32
Q

The pons function:

A

regulation of functions carried out by the cranial nerves

33
Q

The cerebellum contins ______ and controls ______

A
  • half of the neurons in the brain

- motor programs (skilled movement)

34
Q

The midbrain function:

A

Some sensory & motor functions, auditory & visual processing

35
Q

Parts of the diencephalon (4):

A
  • Epithalamus
  • Thalamus
  • Subthalamus
  • Hypothalamus
36
Q

The epithalamus contains:

A
  • Habenula

- Pineal gland

37
Q

Thalamus function:

A
  • relaying sensory and motor signals

- regultion of consciousness & alertness

38
Q

The subthalamus integrates with the ______ and it’s functions are:

A
  • Basal ganglia

- sexuality, food & water intake, and cardiovascular activity

39
Q

Hypothalamus function:

A
  • Homeostasis
  • Sleep & circadian rhythm
  • Motivations
40
Q

The forebrain contains:

A
  • Limbic system
  • Diencephalon
  • Basal ganglia
  • Cerebral cortex
41
Q

The limbic system contains:

A
  • Septal nuclei
  • Amygdala
  • Hippocampus
  • Hypothalamus (mammillary bodies)
  • Thalamus (anterior nucleus)
  • Cingulate cortex
42
Q

Septal nuclei function:

A

Hedonic response (pleasure, reward)

43
Q

Amygdala function:

A

Affective learning (emotion)

44
Q

Hippocampus function:

A
  • spacial cognition

- episodic memory

45
Q

Cingulate cortex function:

A
  • stimulus valuation
  • goal tracking
  • error correction
46
Q

Parts of the basal ganglia:

A
  • Striatum
  • Globus pallidus
  • Subthalamic nucleus
  • Substantia nigra
47
Q

Striatum parts/functions:

A
  • Ventral (reward/reinforcement)

- Dorsal (vigilance, motor plan updating)

48
Q

Globus pallidus function:

A

motor plan regulation

49
Q

Subthalamic nucleus function:

A

response selection

50
Q

Substantia nigra function:

A

motor control

51
Q

Lobes of the cerebral cortex:

A
  • Frontal
  • Temporal
  • Insular
  • Parietal
  • Occipital
52
Q

Frontal lobe functions:

A
  • smell
  • emotion
  • motor planning/execution
  • executive function
53
Q

Temporal lobe functions:

A
  • Auditory
  • semantic memory
  • symbolic representations
54
Q

Insular lobe functions:

A
  • conscious feelings in the body

- emotion

55
Q

Parietal lobe functions:

A
  • sensory
  • spatial maps & distance metrics
  • motion
56
Q

Occipital lobe function

A

visual

57
Q

Networks

A

Largest functional unit of coordinated brain activity

58
Q

Areas

A

Cortical regions dedicated to a common function

59
Q

Subareas

A

Well-defined parts of cortical areas

60
Q

Hypercolumns

A

Functional unit for a given receptive field parameter range

61
Q

Minicolumns

A

2mm cylindrical collection of similarly tined neurons

62
Q

Neurons

A

Individual cells, dynamically tuned to one stimulus receptive field

63
Q

Two primary types of cells

A
  • Glial cells

- Neurons

64
Q

Types of glial cells:

A
  • radial glia
  • astrocytes
  • microglia
  • oligodendrocytes
  • Schwann cells
65
Q

Radial glia

A

produce all neurons in the cerebral cortex

66
Q

Astrocytes

A
  • blood-brain barrier

- computation

67
Q

Microglia

A

“brain’s immune cells”

68
Q

Olidodendrocytes

A

central nervous system myelination

69
Q

Schwann cells

A

peripheral nervous system myelination

70
Q

Three major components of a neuron:

A
  • Input (dendritic trees(
  • Integration (somas)
  • Output (axons)
71
Q

The axon hillock creates a ____ for electrical stimulation, above which an __________ will fire

A
  • threshold

- action potential

72
Q

Electrical signals are sent from the ____ down to the _____

A
  • soma

- axon terminals

73
Q

Axon terminals make contact with another _____ leaving a tiny space called the ______

A
  • neuron

- synaptic cleft

PSYC 382 (13 decks)

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