Social Cognition

Question 1

What chemical is released when you are with someone you have a social bond with?

Answer 1

Oxytocin

Question 2

What types of social bonds are there?

Answer 2

• Mother-infant
• Pair-bonding
• Friendships/communal bonds

Question 3

What are the two universal dimensions of social cognition?

Answer 3

Warmth and competence

Question 4

Social networks have at least what three properties?

Answer 4

• Power law distribution in degree
• Short distance
• High clustering

Question 5

The amygdala can be broken down into ___ parts, and each part is ______

Answer 5

• 3

- Especially active with different parts of the cortex

Question 6

The ventrolateral amygdala is associated with ______ through the _____`

Answer 6

• The Perception Network

- Lateral orbitofrontall cortex

Question 7

What does the Perception Network do?

Answer 7

Identifies other people, or anything that has social meaning

Question 8

The medial amygdala is associated with _____ through the _____

Answer 8

• Social Affiliation Network

- Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Question 9

What is the Social Affiliation Network?

Answer 9

Involved with trust and motivates prosocial behaviour

Question 10

The dorsal amygdala is associated with _____ through the ______

Answer 10

• Social Aversion Network

- Caudal anterior singulate gyrus

Question 11

What does the Social Aversion Network do?

Answer 11

Rejects others and avoids untrustworthy people

Question 12

Observationally learned cues are associated with _____

Answer 12

• Increased physiological arousal

- Increased activity in the amygdala, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex

Question 13

____ neurons are associated with observational encoding, while ____ neurons are associated with first-hand encoding

Answer 13

• rostral ACC

- amygdala/mPFC

Question 14

Forming first impressions implicates the ____ and the ____

Answer 14

• amygdala posterior cingulate cortex in representing valenced social information
• dmFPC in representing general information about a person

Question 15

Experienced reciprocity during repeated interactions predicts _____

Answer 15

Whether we should continue to collaborate with someone

Question 16

Social network complexity maps _____

Answer 16

Amygdala functional connectivity

Question 17

Judging social distance within a social network appears to recruit the same regions as ______

Answer 17

Judging spacial and temporal distance

Question 18

Observational threat and safety learning draw on mechanisms partially shared with _____

Answer 18

Direct threat conditioning and extinction learning

Question 19

Direct threat conditioning critically involves the _____

Answer 19

Amygdala (particularly basolateral, basomedial, and central nucleus)

Question 20

What is the difference between US-driven models and CS-driven models of learning?

Answer 20

In US-driven models, learning depends on the strength of the unconditioned stimulus, while in the CS-driven model learning depends on recent experience with the stimulus

Question 21

Vicarious threat learning partially relies on the same learning mechanisms as ______

Answer 21

Classical conditioning

Question 22

Empathy can be divided into which three processes?

Answer 22

• Affect sharing (resonating with another person’s emotions)
• Mentalizing (understanding the contents of another person’s mind)
• Prosocial motivation (wanting to reduce others’ suffering)

Question 23

Safety learning through direct extinction involves the _____

Answer 23

Ventromedial PFC and its interaction with the amygdala

Question 24

What is instrumental learning?

Answer 24

Actively intervening in the environment to learn how actions can bring about rewarding or punishing consequences

Question 25

Social learning is distinguished from direct forms by ______

Answer 25

Its dependence on social cognition