Week 4 and Oscar Flashcards
Aluminum hydroxide trade name
amphogel
aluminum hydroxide drug class
phosphate binder
aluminum hydroxide mechanism of action
-aluminum salts reduce amount of phosphate absorbed from intestine by physically binding to dietary phosphate extra: as antacid hydroxyl ions interact with hydrogen ions in gut
aluminum hydroxide uses
- reduce hyperphoshphatemia in patients with renal failure where dietary phosphate restriction fails to maintain serum phosphate concentration in normal range - can also be used as an antacid
aluminum hydroxide side effects
- constipation - hypophosphatemia
Epoetin alpha trade name
epogen
epoetin alpha drug class
erythropoietin receptor agonist
epoetin alpha mechanism of action
-Erythropoietin = naturally occurring substance produced in kindey = hormone that regulates erythropoiesis - stimulates erythrocyte production by stimulating differentiation and proliferation of committed red cell precursors -EPO also stimulates release of reticulocytes - recombinant Human EPO alpha serves as substitute or endogenous EPO
epoetin alpha uses
- recombinant Human EPO alpha serves as substitute or endogenous EPO primarily in patients with renal dx - uremic toxins = responsible for decreased production of EPO by kidney - use to treat anemia associated with chronic renal failure
epoetin alpha side effects
- ion dogs and cats get anti-rHuEPO antibody formation in up to 70% patents - up to 30% patients develop antibodies significant enough to cause pure red blood cell aplasia - antibodies are bc the EPO comes from recombinant of human EPO alpha bc no dog/ cat ones are not made Others: - hypertension - high blood viscosity/ polycythemia - seizures - iron depletion additional - injection site rxns - fever - arthralgia (joint pain) - musculocutaneous ulcers
Telmisartan trade name
Micardis
Telmisartan drug class
angiotensin II receptor blocker
Telmisartan mechanism of action
Selectively blocks angiotensin-II AT1-receptor -> reduction in synthesis and secretion of aldosterone -> vasodilation and decreased K+ and increased Na+ excretion
telmisartan uses
- reduction of proteinuria associated with kidney dx in cats
telmisartan side effects
- hypotension potentially possible in cats - reduction in RBC counts - GI (V+/D+) - increase liver enzyme values
Tumil-K trade name
None given
Tumil-k drug class
K+ supplement
Tumil-k mechanism of action
- K+ = principle intracellular cation in body - essenital for maintaining cellular tonicity, nerve impulse transmission; smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle contraction, and maintenance of normal renal fx - giving supplementation just helps provide adequate K+ in cases of or cases where worried about K+ deficits
Tumil-k uses
- potassium supplementation to prevent or treat potassium deficits
Tumil-k side effects
- development of hyperkalemia which has clinical signs including: - muscular weakness - GI disturbance - cardiac conduction disturbances - if given IV may be irritating to vein
Maropitant trade name
Cerenia
Maropitant drug class
NK1 receptor antagonist
Maropitant mechanism of action
-NK1 receptor antagonist that acts in CNS by inhibiting substance P = key neurotransmitter involved in V+
Maropitant uses
- prevention and treatment of acute V+ and motion sickness in dogs - treatment of V+ in cats
Maropitant side effects
- well tolerated - allergic rxns possible - pre-travel v+ and hyper salivation if given to dogs in high doses - swelling or pain at injection site if given SQ Additional possible dogs - depression/ lethargy - anorexia - D+ - anaphylaxis/ anaphylactoid rxns - ataxia - convulsions Additional possible cats: - depression/ lethargy - anorexia - injection site pain - hyper salivation
Famotidine trade name
Pepcid, fluxid
famotidine drug class
H2-histamine receptor antagonist
famotidine mechanism of action
- competitively inhibits histamine at H2-receptors of parietal cells reducing gastric output during basal conditions and when stimulated by food, pentagastrin, histamine, or insulin - by decreasing amount of gastric juice produced H2-blockers reduce amount of pepsin secreted
famotidine uses
- Ulcers - gastritis - gastric reflux - esophageal reflex
famotidine side effects
- if given rapidly IV can -> Bradycardia potential adverse affects: - GI (anorexia, V+, D+) - headache - dry skin/ mouth - agranulocytosis if famotidine used with other drugs that can -> bone marrow depression
