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Drugs > Week 4 and Oscar > Flashcards

Week 4 and Oscar Flashcards

1
Q

Aluminum hydroxide trade name

A

amphogel

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2
Q

aluminum hydroxide drug class

A

phosphate binder

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3
Q

aluminum hydroxide mechanism of action

A

-aluminum salts reduce amount of phosphate absorbed from intestine by physically binding to dietary phosphate extra: as antacid hydroxyl ions interact with hydrogen ions in gut

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4
Q

aluminum hydroxide uses

A
  • reduce hyperphoshphatemia in patients with renal failure where dietary phosphate restriction fails to maintain serum phosphate concentration in normal range - can also be used as an antacid
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5
Q

aluminum hydroxide side effects

A
  • constipation - hypophosphatemia
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6
Q

Epoetin alpha trade name

A

epogen

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7
Q

epoetin alpha drug class

A

erythropoietin receptor agonist

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8
Q

epoetin alpha mechanism of action

A

-Erythropoietin = naturally occurring substance produced in kindey = hormone that regulates erythropoiesis - stimulates erythrocyte production by stimulating differentiation and proliferation of committed red cell precursors -EPO also stimulates release of reticulocytes - recombinant Human EPO alpha serves as substitute or endogenous EPO

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9
Q

epoetin alpha uses

A
  • recombinant Human EPO alpha serves as substitute or endogenous EPO primarily in patients with renal dx - uremic toxins = responsible for decreased production of EPO by kidney - use to treat anemia associated with chronic renal failure
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10
Q

epoetin alpha side effects

A
  • ion dogs and cats get anti-rHuEPO antibody formation in up to 70% patents - up to 30% patients develop antibodies significant enough to cause pure red blood cell aplasia - antibodies are bc the EPO comes from recombinant of human EPO alpha bc no dog/ cat ones are not made Others: - hypertension - high blood viscosity/ polycythemia - seizures - iron depletion additional - injection site rxns - fever - arthralgia (joint pain) - musculocutaneous ulcers
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11
Q

Telmisartan trade name

A

Micardis

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12
Q

Telmisartan drug class

A

angiotensin II receptor blocker

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13
Q

Telmisartan mechanism of action

A

Selectively blocks angiotensin-II AT1-receptor -> reduction in synthesis and secretion of aldosterone -> vasodilation and decreased K+ and increased Na+ excretion

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14
Q

telmisartan uses

A
  • reduction of proteinuria associated with kidney dx in cats
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15
Q

telmisartan side effects

A
  • hypotension potentially possible in cats - reduction in RBC counts - GI (V+/D+) - increase liver enzyme values
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16
Q

Tumil-K trade name

A

None given

17
Q

Tumil-k drug class

A

K+ supplement

18
Q

Tumil-k mechanism of action

A
  • K+ = principle intracellular cation in body - essenital for maintaining cellular tonicity, nerve impulse transmission; smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle contraction, and maintenance of normal renal fx - giving supplementation just helps provide adequate K+ in cases of or cases where worried about K+ deficits
19
Q

Tumil-k uses

A
  • potassium supplementation to prevent or treat potassium deficits
20
Q

Tumil-k side effects

A
  • development of hyperkalemia which has clinical signs including: - muscular weakness - GI disturbance - cardiac conduction disturbances - if given IV may be irritating to vein
21
Q

Maropitant trade name

A

Cerenia

22
Q

Maropitant drug class

A

NK1 receptor antagonist

23
Q

Maropitant mechanism of action

A

-NK1 receptor antagonist that acts in CNS by inhibiting substance P = key neurotransmitter involved in V+

24
Q

Maropitant uses

A
  • prevention and treatment of acute V+ and motion sickness in dogs - treatment of V+ in cats
25
Q

Maropitant side effects

A
  • well tolerated - allergic rxns possible - pre-travel v+ and hyper salivation if given to dogs in high doses - swelling or pain at injection site if given SQ Additional possible dogs - depression/ lethargy - anorexia - D+ - anaphylaxis/ anaphylactoid rxns - ataxia - convulsions Additional possible cats: - depression/ lethargy - anorexia - injection site pain - hyper salivation
26
Q

Famotidine trade name

A

Pepcid, fluxid

27
Q

famotidine drug class

A

H2-histamine receptor antagonist

28
Q

famotidine mechanism of action

A
  • competitively inhibits histamine at H2-receptors of parietal cells reducing gastric output during basal conditions and when stimulated by food, pentagastrin, histamine, or insulin - by decreasing amount of gastric juice produced H2-blockers reduce amount of pepsin secreted
29
Q

famotidine uses

A
  • Ulcers - gastritis - gastric reflux - esophageal reflex
30
Q

famotidine side effects

A
  • if given rapidly IV can -> Bradycardia potential adverse affects: - GI (anorexia, V+, D+) - headache - dry skin/ mouth - agranulocytosis if famotidine used with other drugs that can -> bone marrow depression

Drugs (9 decks)

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