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Drugs > Drugs 3b > Flashcards

Drugs 3b Flashcards

1
Q

ACTH mechanism of action

A

Increases glucocorticoid and ketosteriod secretion form adrenal cortex + smaller effect on aldosterone secretion

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2
Q

Activated charcoal mechanism of action

A

Binds to xenobiotics (foreign substances) via covalent binding or van der Waals forces -> decreased absorption from GI tract and increased elimination

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3
Q

Dexamethasone mechanism of action NEEDS DETAILS

A
  • prevents transricption of genes of various inflamatory proteins (by inhibition of phospholipase A2 which converts phospholipids to arachadonic acid) this prevents transrciption of cytokines
  • stimulates production of anti-inflamatory proteins which interact with inflamatory cells and structural cells in airways
  • b/c effect transrcption effects are not immeduate usually take a few days to develop fully (full effect on bronchial hyper-responsiveness can require weeks or months of therpay)
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4
Q

famotidine mechanism of action

A
  • Competitive antagonist of H2 receptors that inhibit gastric acid secretion so inhibits basal and food stimulated acid secretion and promote healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers
  • Normally histamine released by ECL cells b/c gastrin or acetylcholine and histamine directly stimulates acid secretion by binding H2 receptors on parietal cells
  • by decreasing amount of gastric juice produced H2-blockers reduce amount of pepsin secreted
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5
Q

fentanyl mechanism of action

A
  • Full mu (u) agonist
  • u receptors mediate most analgesic affects but also side effects of opiod admission (respiratory depression, decrease GI motility, sedation, euphoria, nausea ect.)
  • Opiod receptor binding can -> inhibition of adenyl cyclase, activate receptor- operated K+ currents, and suppress voltage-gated Ca2+ currents
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6
Q

GnRH mechanism of action

A
  • agonist of GnRH receptor -> release FSH and LH
  • continued stimulation with GnRH agonists -> desensitization of pituitary gland -> decreased LH and FSH secretion
  • GnRH controls follicular growth, ovulation, and corpus lute maintenance in female
  • primarily -> synthesis and release of LH
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7
Q

insulin mechanism of action

A
  • binds to insulin specific receptor -> conformational change -> autophosphorylation -> activation tyrosine kinase of beta subunits-> autophos B subunits -> phosphorylation insulin receptor substrates -> mediation intracellular effects of insulin
  • ultimately increase GLUT4 transporters in plasma membrane -> glucose influx
  • increases DNA replication and protein synth bc stimulates amnio acid uptake
  • increases activity of Na+-K+ ATPases in cell membranes -> serum K+ into cells
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8
Q

ketoconazole mechanism of action

A
  • inhibit cytochrome P450 enzyme which inhibits sterol synthesis of fungal cell membrane -> antifungal effect
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9
Q

L-deprenyl mecnahism of action

A

(Anipryl)
- selective irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B (monoamine oxidase B) via covalent binding at low doses (at high doses also hints MAO-A) -> decrease breakdown of dopamine via inhibition MAO-B -> increased levels dopamine

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10
Q

lactulose mechanism of action

A

synthetic disaccharide metabolized by bacteria in LI producing acetic, lactic, and formic acids which have osmotic effect drawing fluid into intestine by osmosis -> increase fluid content of feces -> intestinal distention and promotion of peristalsis

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11
Q

levetiracetam mechanism of action

A
  • unknown antiepileptic effect
  • may prevent hyper synchronization of epileptiform burst firing and propagation of seizure activity via inhibition off presynaptic calcium channels -> decreased neurotransmitter release
  • binds to SV2A which may regulate vesicle exocytosis
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12
Q

maropitant mechanism of action

A

(cerenia)

- NK1 receptor antagonist that acts in CNS by inhibiting substance P = key neurotransmitter involved in V+

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13
Q

metoclopramide mechanism of action

A

inhibits D2 dopamine receptors in CTZ which normally-> relays info of stimulation to emetic center ->stimulation V+ so inhibit them inhibit V+

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14
Q

metronidazole mechanism of action

A

(Flagyl)

  • functions when partially reduced (which occurs in anaerobic bacteria and protozoans)
  • activated flagyl = reduced to short-lived toxic intermediates -> interact with organism DNA and macromolecules -> DNA strand breakage and organelle damage (inhibits nucleic acid synthesis bc disrupts DNA of microbial cells)
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15
Q

mitotane mechanism of action

A
  • (Lysodren, used in treatment Cushing’s)
  • inhibits adrenal cortex bc inhibits P450scc (cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme)
  • also has direct selective cytotoxic effects on adrenal cortex (via unknown mechanism) -> permanent adrenal atrophy
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16
Q

PGFalpha mechanism of aciton

A
  • naturally occurring prostaglandin
  • increase in oxytocin bc no implantation in luteal phase -> release PGF2a which binds to PGF2a receptor -> stimulation luteolytic activity (degradation of corpus leuteum to form corpus albicans) and release of oxytocin
  • inhibits production of progesterone -> inhibit facilitation of corpus luteum development
17
Q

phenobarbital mechanism of action

A

allosteric agonist that binds GABAa receptor, works at allosteric site called barbiturate site and increases Cl- influx

18
Q

plasma-lyte mechanism of action

A

crystalloid sollution; generally composition mimics human physiological plasma electrolyte concentration, osmolarity, and pH
** need to add to this**

19
Q

KBr (Potassium bromide) mechanism of action

A
  • anticonvulsant and sedative
  • Mechanism unknown possibilities: interaction between bromide and neuronal membranes -> increased Cl- flux or inhibition carbonic anhydrase or bicarb ATPase; may prolong inhibitory postsynaptic currents in cerebral cortex -> inhibition
20
Q

Prednisone mechanism of action

A
  • synthetic glucocorticoid; binds to glucocorivoid receptors -> activate them -> trigger changes in gene expression (inhibits inflammatory cells and surpasses expression of inflammatory mediators)
  • has to be activated to prednisolone by liver; cats and horses low levels enzyme for this therefore may use prednisolone in them

* may need to add to this*

21
Q

propylene glycol mechanism of action

A

approved and used as vehicle for topical, oral and IV pharmaceutical preparations?????

** REVISIT**

22
Q

thiamine mechanism of action

A

Vit B1

  • active form thiamine involved in enzymes associated with carb metabolism, branched-chain Was, and fatty acids
  • plays role in non oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoacids
23
Q

trilostane mechanism of action

A

(Vetoryl)

  • selectively inhibits betha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in adrenal cortex which inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone only in adrenal gland
  • stops the production of cortisol in the adrenal glands b/c progesterone is a precursor of glucocorticoids and cortisol is a glucocorticoid so if you stop the production of progesterone you stop the production of cortisol
24
Q

Vit B12 mechanism of action

A

PENDING

25
Q

Vit K mechianim of action

A

PENDING

Drugs (9 decks)

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