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Drugs > Week 3 and Whirlaway > Flashcards

Week 3 and Whirlaway Flashcards

1
Q

Flunixin meglumine trade name

A

Banamine

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2
Q

Flunixin meglumine Drug class

A

NSAID

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3
Q

flunixin meglumine mechanism of action

A

potent COX inhibitor (NSAID)

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4
Q

flunixin meglumine fx

A

Horse - alleviation of inflammation and pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders and alleviation of visceral pain associated with colic Cow and pigs - control fevers - analgesic ruminants

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5
Q

flunixin meglumine side effects

A

Horses: - GI upset - renal dx - hypoprotenemia - hematologic abnormalies - Don’t give IM -> local swelling/ necrosis ect - don’t give IA -> CNS stimulation ataxia, hyperventilation, muscle weakness - anaphylaxis rarely

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6
Q

aminocaproic acid trade name

A

Amicar

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7
Q

aminocaproic acid drug class

A

inhibits fibrinolysis

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8
Q

aminocaproic acid mechanism of action

A

inhibits fibrionolysis via inhibitory effects on plasminogen activator substances via some antiplasmin action

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9
Q

aminocaproic acid fx

A
  • treat conditions of hyperfibrinolysis and prophylactically prevent post-operative bleeding - help stabilize clot or slow bleeding in horses with guttural pouch hemorrhage - study says not effective in prevenient or reducing incidence of EIPH - treatment of degenerative myelopathy
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10
Q

aminocaproic acid side effects

A
  • well tolerated in dogs - 1% exhibit clinical signs GI irritation if its given orraly - can cause hyperkalemia in really impaired patients
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11
Q

xylazine trade name

A

rompun

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12
Q

xylazine drug class

A

alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

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13
Q

xylazine mechanism of action

A

alpha-2 adrenergic agonist - causes sedation and CNS depression - can also have alpha-1 agonist activity, less selective for alpha-2 receptors than dexmidetomidine

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14
Q

xylazine fx

A
  • sedative - analgesic - preanesthetic - emetic action in cats (inducing V+ in cats)
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15
Q

xylazine side effects

A

SA - emesis 3-5 min after administration in cats; sometimes in dogs - muscle tremors - partial A-V block - reduce resp rate Horses - muscle tremors - bradycardia w/ partial AV block - reduced resp rate - ataxia in large animals Cows: - salivation - ruminal atony - bloating - regurgitation - hypothermia -D+ bradycardia

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16
Q

warfarin trade name

A

coumadin

17
Q

warfarin drug class

A

vit k antagonist

18
Q

warfarin mechanism of action

A

inhibits vit k epoxide reductase which = necessary for recycling fit k to active form in vit k epoxide cycle - vit k = essential cofactor in carboxylation of y-glutamic acid (GLA-) residues of amino terminal domains of factors II, VII, IX, X - carboxylation GLA- residues= what lets coagulation factors bind Ca2+ which = required to bind phosphatydil serine on platlet surface

19
Q

warfarin fx

A
  • treatment of thrombotic conditions
20
Q

warfarin side effects

A
  • warfarin’s effects can be overridden by sufficient amounts of vit k side effects: - dose related hemorrhage -> anemia, thrombocytopenia, weakness, hematomas, and ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematemesis, meaturia, melon, hematochezie, hemathrosis, hemothroax, intracranial and/or pericardial hemorrage and death
21
Q

heparin trade name

A

heparin

22
Q

heparin drug class

A

anticoagulant

23
Q

heparin mechanism of action

A

inhibits secondary hemostasis by promoting action of antithrombin which is an inhibitor of many coagulation factors especially FXa and thrombin inhibits clotting by potentiating action of antithrombin - binds to antithrombin and activates it -> inactivation of thrombin, factor II, factor X, factor IX, factor XI, factor XII - at low concentrations heparin combined with anthrombin III inactivate factor Xa and prevent conversion prothrombin to thrombin - in higher doses it inactivates thrombin and blocks conversion of fibrinogen ot fibrin and when combined with antithrombin III inactivates IX, X, XI, XII - by inhibiting activation of factor XIII it prevents formation of stable fibrin clots - does not lyse clots but can prevent growth of existing clots

24
Q

heparin fx

A

-preferred anticoagulant for chemistry testing SA - treatment of DIC - prophylaxis of thromboembolic dx Horse - treatment of DIC - prophylactic therapy for laminitis -administered to prevent intestinal adhesion formation after sx

25
Q

heparin side effects

A
  • bleeding - thrombocytopenia - hypersensitivity rxns Horses - anemia - hemmorhage - thrombocytopenia
26
Q

EDTA trade name

A

endrate

27
Q

EDTA drug class

A

lead chealator

28
Q

EDTA mechanism of action

A

chelator of Ca2+ which arrests coagulation because Ca2+ is what allows factors to bind phosphatydyl serine on platelets

29
Q

EDTA fx

A
  • CBC - anticoagulant used for hematological testing bc allows best preservation cellular component and morphology of blood cells - purple top tube
30
Q

amantadine trade name

A

none given

31
Q

amantadine drug class

A

antiviral drug/ dopamine receptor agonist

32
Q

amantadie mechanism of action

A

inhibits post-synaptically localized NMDA receptors that play central roles in pain sensitization

33
Q

amantadine fx

A
  • NMDA agonist as adjunct for chronic pain - often used as adjunct for neuropathic pain - viral dx
34
Q

amantadine side effects

A

agitation loose stool flatulence D+ cats GI

35
Q

clopidogrel trade name

A

plavix

36
Q

clopidogrel drug class

A

ADP receptor antagonist

37
Q

clopidogrel mechanism of action

A

antiplatlet drug that blocks platlet ADP receptor which prevents ADP from activating platelets

38
Q

clopidogrel fx

A
  • platlet aggregation inhibitor - preventing thrombi in susceptible cats - pelvic limb circulation impoement after cariogenic embolic event
39
Q

clopidogrel side effects

A

cats -V+ - D+ - anorexia - non-regenerative anemia humans - bleeding

Drugs (9 decks)

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