Week 3 and Whirlaway Flashcards
Flunixin meglumine trade name
Banamine
Flunixin meglumine Drug class
NSAID
flunixin meglumine mechanism of action
potent COX inhibitor (NSAID)
flunixin meglumine fx
Horse - alleviation of inflammation and pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders and alleviation of visceral pain associated with colic Cow and pigs - control fevers - analgesic ruminants
flunixin meglumine side effects
Horses: - GI upset - renal dx - hypoprotenemia - hematologic abnormalies - Don’t give IM -> local swelling/ necrosis ect - don’t give IA -> CNS stimulation ataxia, hyperventilation, muscle weakness - anaphylaxis rarely
aminocaproic acid trade name
Amicar
aminocaproic acid drug class
inhibits fibrinolysis
aminocaproic acid mechanism of action
inhibits fibrionolysis via inhibitory effects on plasminogen activator substances via some antiplasmin action
aminocaproic acid fx
- treat conditions of hyperfibrinolysis and prophylactically prevent post-operative bleeding - help stabilize clot or slow bleeding in horses with guttural pouch hemorrhage - study says not effective in prevenient or reducing incidence of EIPH - treatment of degenerative myelopathy
aminocaproic acid side effects
- well tolerated in dogs - 1% exhibit clinical signs GI irritation if its given orraly - can cause hyperkalemia in really impaired patients
xylazine trade name
rompun
xylazine drug class
alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
xylazine mechanism of action
alpha-2 adrenergic agonist - causes sedation and CNS depression - can also have alpha-1 agonist activity, less selective for alpha-2 receptors than dexmidetomidine
xylazine fx
- sedative - analgesic - preanesthetic - emetic action in cats (inducing V+ in cats)
xylazine side effects
SA - emesis 3-5 min after administration in cats; sometimes in dogs - muscle tremors - partial A-V block - reduce resp rate Horses - muscle tremors - bradycardia w/ partial AV block - reduced resp rate - ataxia in large animals Cows: - salivation - ruminal atony - bloating - regurgitation - hypothermia -D+ bradycardia
warfarin trade name
coumadin
warfarin drug class
vit k antagonist
warfarin mechanism of action
inhibits vit k epoxide reductase which = necessary for recycling fit k to active form in vit k epoxide cycle - vit k = essential cofactor in carboxylation of y-glutamic acid (GLA-) residues of amino terminal domains of factors II, VII, IX, X - carboxylation GLA- residues= what lets coagulation factors bind Ca2+ which = required to bind phosphatydil serine on platlet surface
warfarin fx
- treatment of thrombotic conditions
warfarin side effects
- warfarin’s effects can be overridden by sufficient amounts of vit k side effects: - dose related hemorrhage -> anemia, thrombocytopenia, weakness, hematomas, and ecchymoses, epistaxis, hematemesis, meaturia, melon, hematochezie, hemathrosis, hemothroax, intracranial and/or pericardial hemorrage and death
heparin trade name
heparin
heparin drug class
anticoagulant
heparin mechanism of action
inhibits secondary hemostasis by promoting action of antithrombin which is an inhibitor of many coagulation factors especially FXa and thrombin inhibits clotting by potentiating action of antithrombin - binds to antithrombin and activates it -> inactivation of thrombin, factor II, factor X, factor IX, factor XI, factor XII - at low concentrations heparin combined with anthrombin III inactivate factor Xa and prevent conversion prothrombin to thrombin - in higher doses it inactivates thrombin and blocks conversion of fibrinogen ot fibrin and when combined with antithrombin III inactivates IX, X, XI, XII - by inhibiting activation of factor XIII it prevents formation of stable fibrin clots - does not lyse clots but can prevent growth of existing clots
heparin fx
-preferred anticoagulant for chemistry testing SA - treatment of DIC - prophylaxis of thromboembolic dx Horse - treatment of DIC - prophylactic therapy for laminitis -administered to prevent intestinal adhesion formation after sx
heparin side effects
- bleeding - thrombocytopenia - hypersensitivity rxns Horses - anemia - hemmorhage - thrombocytopenia
EDTA trade name
endrate
EDTA drug class
lead chealator
EDTA mechanism of action
chelator of Ca2+ which arrests coagulation because Ca2+ is what allows factors to bind phosphatydyl serine on platelets
EDTA fx
- CBC - anticoagulant used for hematological testing bc allows best preservation cellular component and morphology of blood cells - purple top tube
amantadine trade name
none given
amantadine drug class
antiviral drug/ dopamine receptor agonist
amantadie mechanism of action
inhibits post-synaptically localized NMDA receptors that play central roles in pain sensitization
amantadine fx
- NMDA agonist as adjunct for chronic pain - often used as adjunct for neuropathic pain - viral dx
amantadine side effects
agitation loose stool flatulence D+ cats GI
clopidogrel trade name
plavix
clopidogrel drug class
ADP receptor antagonist
clopidogrel mechanism of action
antiplatlet drug that blocks platlet ADP receptor which prevents ADP from activating platelets
clopidogrel fx
- platlet aggregation inhibitor - preventing thrombi in susceptible cats - pelvic limb circulation impoement after cariogenic embolic event
clopidogrel side effects
cats -V+ - D+ - anorexia - non-regenerative anemia humans - bleeding
