Respiratory Week and Dream Street Flashcards
Theophylline trade name
Aminophylline
Theophyline drug class
methylxanthine
theophylline mechanism of action
not fully understood; possiblities:
- inhibit PDE which breaks down cAMP so when inhibit it
- > incrased cAMP -> stimulation of PKA which phosphorylates targets -> relaxes smooth muscle; overall potentiates effect of B2 agonists -> enhanced bronchodilation
- adenosine receptor antagonist (adenosine -> release histamine and leukotrienes from mast cells -> bronchoconstriction and therefore inhibits adenosine -> bronchodilation
- antiinflamatory effects on cells in airway
theophylline fx
bronchodilation
theophylline side effects
at high doses can -> CNS and cardiac stimulation and GI distress
dexamethasone tarde name
Ozurdex, Maxidex, Decadron, Baycadron
dexamethasone drug class
corticosteroid
dexamethasone mechanism of action
- prevents transricption of genes of various inflamatory proteins (by inhibition of phospholipase A2 which converts phospholipids to arachadonic acid) this prevents transrciption of cytokines
- stimulates production of anti-inflamatory proteins which interact with inflamatory cells and structural cells in airways
- b/c effect transrcption effects are not immeduate usually take a few days to develop fully (full effect on bronchial hyper-responsiveness can require weeks or months of therpay)
dexamethasone fx
anti-inflamatory drug; effective in treatment of inflamtory lung dxs (feline asthma, RAO, ect.)
dexamethasone side effects
b/c anti-inflamtory and immunosupressive effects there are many side effects especially with long term use
GI ulceration/ performation and bleeding, hyperadrenocotricism, retard growth in young animals
Dogs
PU/ PD/ PP
Dull dry coat, weight gain, panting, V+, D+, elevated liver enzymes, pancreatitis, GI ulceration, lipemias, activation or worseing of diabetes mellitus, muslce wasting, behavioral changes
Cats
Hypergylcemia, less frequently PU/ PD/ PP/ weight gain, D+, depression, cushingoid effects
Horses
Laminitis
albuterol trade name
proventil, accuneb
albuterol drug class
beta 2 adrenergic agonist
albuterol mechanism of action
stimulates production of cAMP by activation of adenyl cyclase via Gs -> relaxation bronchial, uterine, and vascular smooth muscle; beta 2 adrenergic agonist
Stim B2 receptor -> stim Gs -> Adenyl cyclase stimulated
- > ATP converted to cAMP -> stim PKA -> phosphorylated target proteins ->
- increase Ca2+-activated K+ channel activation
- decrease PLC-IP3-Ca2+ pathway activity
- increase Na+/Ca2+ exchange
- incrase Na+/Ca2+ ATPase
- decrease MLCK
- > smooth muscle
albuterol fx
Bronchodilation ->
alleviate brochospasm or cough
albuterol side effects
- inc HR - tremors - CNS excitement (nervousness) - dizziness - decreased serum K+ values possible
epinephrine trade name
Adrenaclick, EpiPen, Twinject, Medihaler-Epi
epinephrine drug class
hormone and adrenergic agonist
epinephrine mechanism of action
endogenous adrenergic agent w/ alpha and beta activity -> - relaxation smooth muscle in bonchi and iris - antagonizes effects histamine - inc glycogenolysis - raise blood sugar - give rapidly IV -> inc systolic BP - give slow IV -> modest rise systolic pressure and dec diastolic pressure - dec TPR bc beta effects
epinephrine fx
From notes: - cardiac arrest/ heart block - acute anaphylactic reactions (counteract hypotension and bronchospasm) - combine with local anesthetics to retard removal of anesthetics - control bleeding (apply topically) -treatment for anaphylaxis or cardiac resuscitation - can add to local anestetics to retard systemic absorption and prolong effect
- when treating shock B effects of epinephrine -> bronchodilation
- B1 effects on heart -> increase HR and force of contraction -> help restore BP
- vasoconstriction via EPI stim a1 receptors
epinephrine side effects
- anxiety - tremor - excitablity - V+ - hypertension (overdose) - arrhythmias - hyperuricemia (excess of uric acid in blood) - lactic acidosis (buildup of lactate in body) - EPINEPHRINE REVERSAL IF GIVEN W/ ALPHA ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS (will -> dec BP not inc)
atropine trade name
atropine
atropine drug class
muscarinic antagonist
atropine mechanism of action
-inhibits acetylcholine and other cholinergic stimulants at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites - high dose can block nicotinic receptors at autonomic ganglia and NMJ
Ach binds M3 -> stimulation Gq -> activate phospholipase C -> produce IP3 -> intracellular Ca2+ -> smooth muscle contraction
atropine side effects
- dry mount - increased viscosity of secretions - dysphagia - constipation - V+ - thirst - urinary retention or hesitancy - CNS effects (stimulation, drowsiness, ataxia, seizures, respiratory depression) - Opthamic effects (blurred vision, pupil dilation, cycloplegia, photophobia) - Cardiovascular effects (sinus tachycardia, increased myocardial work, O2 consumption, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, arrhythmias, circulatory failure)
- CNS effects GI, dryiing secretions ect
atropine function
- antidote for organophosphate intoxication - preanesthetic prevent or reduce secretions of respiratory tract - treat sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial arrest, incomplete AV block - differentiate vagally-mediated bradycardia for other causes - antidote for OD cholinergic agents
- treatment of bronchoconstriction that isnt responding to other treatments because of all the side effects this is not suitable for long term use
