Week 4 Flashcards
A computer system is made up of various elements?
Input devices Output devices Virtual reality Physical interaction Paper Memory Processing
A typical computer system?
screen or monitor
Keyboard
Mouse/Trackpad
Text entry devices?
Keyboards
Chord keyboards, phone pads
Handwriting, speech
QWERTY?
Standardized layout
arrangement not optimal for typing
DVORAK?
Biased towards right hand
10-15% improvement in speed and reduction in fatigue
Chord Keyboards?
Only a few keys - four or 5
Compact size
Short learning time
Fast
Speech Recognition?
Improving rapidly
Most successful when
- Single user
- Limited vocabulary systems
Problems with Speech Recognition?
External noise interfering
Imprecision of pronunciation
Large vocabularies
Different speakers
Positioning, pointing and drawing?
Mouse, touchpad
Trackballs, joysticks
Touch screens, tablets
Eyegaze, cursors
Mouse?
Two characteristics
- Planar movements
- Buttons
Two methods for detecting motion?
Mechanical
Optical
Who developed first mouse?
Douglas Engelbart
Touchpad?
Small touch sensitive tablets
Stroke to move mouse pointer
Used mainly in laptop computers
Advantages of touch sensitive screen?
Fast, and requires no specialized pointer
Good for menu selection
Suitable for use in hostile environment: clean and safe from damage
Disadvantages of touch sensitive screen?
Finger can mark screen
Imprecise
Lifting arm can be tiring
Eyegaze?
Control interface by eye gaze direction
User laser beam reflected off retina
Mainly used for evaluation
Display Devices?
Bitmap screens
Large & situated displays
Digital paper
Bitmap displays?
Screen is vast number of coloured dots
Aspect Ratio?
Ratio between width and height
4:3 for most screens, 16:9 for wide-screen TV.
Colour Depth?
How many different colours for each pixel
Black/white or greys only
256 from a pallete
Jaggies?
Diagonal lines that have discontinuities in due to horizontal faster scan process
Anti-Aliasing?
Softens edges by using shades of line colour
Also used for text
Liquid crystal displays?
Smaller, Lighter and no radiation problems
Found on PDAs, portables and notebooks
Also used in digital watches, mobile phones
How liquid crystal display works?
top plate transparent and polarized, bottom plate reflecting.
Light passes through top plate and crystal, and reflects back to eye.
Special Displays?
Random Scan
Direct View Storage Tube
Situated Displays?
Displays in public places
Display only
Or interactive
In all cases the location matters
Virtual Reality and 3D Interaction?
Positioning in 3D space
Moving and grasping
Seeing 3D (Helmets and Caves)
Positioning in 3D space?
Cockpit and virtual controls The 3D mouse Data glove VR Helmets Whole body tracking
3D Displays?
Desktop VR
Seeing in 3D
VR Headsets?
Small TV screen for each eye
Slightly different angles
3D effect
VR Motion Sickness?
Time delay
Depth perception
Conflicting cues => sickness
Time delay?
Move head… lag .. display moves
Conflict: head movement vs eyes
Depth perception?
Headset gives different stereo distance
But all focused in same plane
Conflict: eye angle vs focus
Conflicting cues => Sickness
Helps motivate improvements in technology