Week 2

Question 1

Humans are limited?

Answer 1

In their capacity to processing information

Question 2

Information is received and responses given via a number of input and output channels?

Answer 2

Visual Channel
Auditory Channel
Haptic Channel
Movement

Question 3

Model Human Processor?

Answer 3

Simplified view of the human processing involved in interacting with computer systems

Question 4

The model comprises three subsystems?

Answer 4

The perceptual system (sensory stimulus)
The motor systems (actions)
The cognitive system (processing)

Question 5

Two stages in vision?

Answer 5

Physical reception of stimulus

Processing and interpretation of stimulus

Question 6

Physical Reception?

Answer 6

Mechanism for receiving light and transforming it into electrical energy
Light reflects from objects

Question 7

Visual Perception?

Answer 7

Our perception of an object’s size remains constant even if its visual angle changes

Question 8

Law of Size constancy?

Answer 8

Indicates that our perception of size relies on factors other than the visual angle

Question 9

Size and Depth?

Answer 9

Visual angles indicates how much of view object occupies
Visual acuity is ability to perceive detail
Familiar objects perceived as constant size

Question 10

Context is used to?

Answer 10

Resolve ambiguity

Question 11

Humans can hear frequencies from?

Answer 11

20Hz to 15kHz

Question 12

Auditory system filters sounds?

Answer 12

Can attend to sounds over background noise

The cocktail party phenomenon

Question 13

Touch?

Answer 13

Provides important feedback about environment
Stimulus received via receptors in the skin
Some areas more sensitive than others
Kinethesis - awareness of body position

Question 14

Movement?

Answer 14

Reaction time and Accuracy are the key elements
Reaction time depends on stimulus type
- visual ~200ms
- auditory ~150ms
- pain ~700ms

Question 15

Fitts’ Law?

Answer 15

Describes the time taken to hit a target (physically or virtually)

Question 16

Design Focus?

Answer 16

Targets should be as large as possible

Distances should be as small as possible

Question 17

Three types of memory function?

Answer 17

Sensory Memories
Short-term memories
Long term memories

Question 18

Sensory Memory?

Answer 18

Iconic memory: visual stimuli
Echoic memory: aural stimuli
Haptic memory: tactile stimuli

Question 19

Short Term Memory?

Answer 19

Rapid access ~70ms
Rapid decay ~200ms
Limited capacity 7+- 2 chunks

Question 20

Long term memory?

Answer 20

Slow access ~1/10 second
Slow decay, if any
Huge or unlimited capacity

Question 21

Two types of long term memory?

Answer 21

Episodic

Semantic

Question 22

Episodic?

Answer 22

Serial memory of events

Question 23

Semantic?

Answer 23

Structured memory of facts, concepts, skills

Question 24

Semantic memory structure?

Answer 24

Provides access to information
Represents relationships between bits of information
Supports inference

Question 25

Procedural Knowledge?

Answer 25

Our knowledge of how to do something

Question 26

LTM - Storage of information

Answer 26

Rehearsal
Total Time hypothesis
Distribution of practice effect
Structure. meaning and familiarity

Question 27

LTM - Forgetting?

Answer 27

Decay
- Information is lost gradually but very slowly
Interference
- New information replaces old: retroactive interference
- Old may interfere with new: proactive inhibition

Question 28

LTM - Retrieval?

Answer 28

Recall
- Information reproduced from memory can be assisted by cues
Recognition
- Information gives knowledge that it has been seen before
- Less complex than recall - information is cue

Question 29

Thinking?

Answer 29

Reasoning

Problem Solving

Question 30

Deduction?

Answer 30

Derive logically necessary conclusion from given premises

Question 31

Induction?

Answer 31

Generalize from cases seen to cases unseen

Question 32

Abduction?

Answer 32

Reasoning from event to cause