Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What can respiratory disorders be due to?

A
  • Infection
  • Trauma
  • Cancer
  • Degenerative disease
  • Pollutants (including smoking)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can respiratory disorders be categorised?

A
  • Obstructive

- Restrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe Bronchitis

A
  • Can be classified either acute or chronic.
  • Acute bronchitis is defined as acute bacterial or viral infection of the larger airways in healthy patients with no history of recurrent disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is COPD?

A 
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- The chronic and obstructive airflow in the pulmonary airways
- Is progressive
- May cause airway hyperresponsiveness
Includes:
- Emphysema
- Chronic Bronchitis 
- Asbestosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Emphysema?

A
  • Destructive of alveolar walls and capillary beds - breakdown of alveolar walls tissues by enzymes produced by inflammatory cells
  • Loss of lung elasticity
  • Causes hyperinflation of lungs and loss of surface area available for gas exchange
    Causes:
  • Smoking
  • Hereditary - deficiency of protective lung enzyme
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the signs and symptoms of emphysema

A
  • Increased respiratory rate
  • Use of accessory muscles to breathe
  • Pursed lip breathing
  • Barrel chest
  • Weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Chronic Bronchitis?

A
  • Caused by chronic irritation (e.g. from smoking) and recurrent infections
  • Hypersecretion of mucus - enlargement of submucosal glands in the trachea and bronchi
  • Bronchi and bronchioles become inflamed and fibrosed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis

A
  • Progressive decrease in exercise tolerance
  • Shortness of breath, laboured breathing
  • Hypoxaemia, hypercapnia, cyanosis
  • Peripheral oedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What nursing management is applicable to COPD?

A

Treatment is mainly supportive

  • Supplemental oxygen, NIPPV, medication
  • Social support
  • Chest physio
  • Patient education
  • Avoid respiratory infections - i.e. immunise
  • Encourage good nutrition and hygiene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What pharmacological management is involved with COPD?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Bronchodilators
  • Anti-inflammatories
  • Antibiotics
  • Antipyrexials
  • Cough suppressants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the pathophysiology of a pneumothorax?

A
  • Normal pleural space contains no air, just a small amount of fluid
  • Air enter the pleural cavity - this is a pneumothorax
  • Air takes up restricting lung expansion
  • Partial or complete collapse of the affected lung
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the four types of pneumothorax?

A
  • Tension
  • Spontaneous
  • Open
  • Tension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe a spontaneous pneumothorax

A

an air-filled blister on the lungs ruptures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe a traumatic pneumothorax

A

Air enters through the chest injuries

  • Fractured ribs may penetrate pleura
  • Fractured trachea or bronchi, or rupture of the oesphagus
  • Medical procedures e.g. intubation
  • Infection - e.g. TB or pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe an open pneumothorax

A

Air enters the pleural cavity through the wound on inhalation and leaves on exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe a tension pneumothorax

A

Air enters pleural cavity through the wound on inhalation but cannot escape on exhalation - forms a one-way valve

17
Q

List the signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax

A
  • Tachypnoea and dyspnoea
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypoxia
  • Hypotension
  • Ipslateral (same side) chest pain
  • Asymmetrical chest movement
18
Q

What is the nursing management associated with a pneumothorax?

A
  • Observation and monitoring
  • Respiratory support
  • Pain relief
  • Oxygen
  • Mouth care
  • Intercostal catheter
19
Q

What is a pleural effusion?

A
  • The presence of excess fluid in the pleural space
  • Fluid accumulates in the space between the layers of pleura due to:
    - > Transudative Pleural effusion - caused by fluid leaking into the pleural space. Caused by an increased pressure in the blood vessels or a low blood protein count
    - > Exudative Effusions - caused by blocked blood vessels or lymph vessels, inflammation, lung injury and tumours
20
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of an empyema

A
  • Infected pleural effusion
  • Presence of pus in the pleural cavity
  • Usually develops as a complication of pneumonia, surgery, trauma

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions