Renal System Definitions

Question 1

Anuria

Answer 1

When the kidneys stop producing urine

Question 2

Colic

Answer 2

Frequent, prolonged and intense crying or fussiness in a healthy infant

Question 3

Cystitis

Answer 3

Is an infection of the bladder that almost always follows bacterial infection in the urine.

Question 4

Diuretic

Answer 4

Any agent that enhances the flow of urine

Question 5

Diuresis

Answer 5

A condition in which the kidneys filter too much bodily fluids. this increases too much urine.

Question 6

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 6

An inflammation on the glomerulus, which can be caused by numerous factors including, ischaemia, drugs, toxins, vascular disorders and systemic diseases.

Question 7

Haematuria

Answer 7

When there is blood in the urine

Question 8

Hydronephrosis

Answer 8

Swelling of a kidney due to a build up of urine. It happens when urine cannot drain out from the kidney to the bladder from a blockage obstruction.

Question 9

Hyperkalaemia

Answer 9

Elevated potassium levels in the blood

Question 10

Hyperplasia

Answer 10

An increase in the number of cells resulting from an increased rate of cellular division

Question 11

Hypovolaemia/Hypovolaemic Shock

Answer 11

Caused by a loss of whole blood, plasma, or interstitial fluid in large amounts

Question 12

Necrosis

Answer 12

Cell and tissue death, which results from abnormal events such as hypoxia, infection or toxins

Question 13

Nephropathy/Nephrotic Syndrome

Answer 13

A condition in which the glomerular membrane is attacked by complement, resulting in symptoms of

• Nephritis
• Haematuria
• Hypertension and renal failure

Question 14

Nephrotoxic

Answer 14

Poisonous or damaging to the kidney

Question 15

Neurogenic Bladder

Answer 15

The under-activity or over-activity of the bladder caused by nervous system damage that prevents the bladder muscles from contracting to empty completely or that causes rapid bladder contraction that causes too rapid/frequent emptying

Question 16

Nocturia

Answer 16

A condition in which a person wakes during the night due to the need to urinate.

Question 17

Oliguria

Answer 17

Low urine output

Question 18

Proteinuria

Answer 18

Excess protein in the urine - some protein is normal but too much means that protein is leaking through the kidney

Question 19

Pruritus

Answer 19

Itching

Question 20

Pyelonephritis

Answer 20

A condition in which a bacterial infection of the urinary system has extended through the urethra, bladder and ureters, causing abdominal or back pain, fever, malaise, nausea and vomiting

Question 21

Uraemia

Answer 21

The accumulation of nitrogenous wastes from protein metabolism as well as the systemic symptoms caused by a decline in renal function with the accumulation of toxins in the plasma

Question 22

Dialysis

Answer 22

Is a way to artificially clean the blood if your kidneys are no longer able to cope

Question 23

Haemodialysis

Answer 23

Dialysis in which your blood is circulated through a dialysis machine for cleaning

Question 24

Peritoneal Dialysis

Answer 24

Dialysis which uses the peritoneal membrane in your abdomen to filter blood allowing cleaning to take place inside the body

Question 25

Filtration

Answer 25

The process in which solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by the use of a filter medium that permits the fluid to pass through but retains the solid particles

Question 26

Reabsorption

Answer 26

Being absorbed again

Question 27

Secretion

Answer 27

A process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland or organ for a particular function in the organism