week 4

Question 1

gender stereotypes

Answer 1

• beliefs about the traits, qualities and tendencies associated with different sex categories
• assumption new member of a category has the same qualities as the other members
• automatic categorization into social groups based on appearance/other distinguishing features
• traits, role, behaviour, occupation, physical appearance

Question 2

stereotype content model

Answer 2

• stereotypes about social groups fall along communion and agency dimensions
• communion: warmth, connectedness, kindness
• agency: assertiveness, competence, competitiveness

Question 3

women are wonderful effect

Answer 3

• people tend to view women as warmer, more empathetic and more nurturing than men
• overemphasis communion underemphasis agency
• mostly applies to white middle class women

Question 4

transgender stereotypes

Answer 4

• gender subgroups rated in distinct ways on communal and agentic dimensions
• better to view men and women individually/ in sub groups to help combat stereotypes
• deviant, mentally ill, confused, gay

Question 5

gay men and women stereotypes

Answer 5

• sexual inversion theory, “explain homosexuality”, gay men and women inverted, exhibit characteristics of the opposite sex, gay men women trapped in mens bodies

Question 6

prototypes

Answer 6

• most typical cognitive representation of a given category

Question 7

lens based account of intersectional stereotyping

Answer 7

• we have a variety of identity specific schemas in our minds, process of categorizing others
• eg, racial lens, gender lens, combination
• intersectionality

Question 8

origins of gender stereotypes

Answer 8

• evolutionary psychology
• women evolved, warmth and domesticity
• men evolved assertiveness, agency, risk taking
• parental investment theory

Question 9

origins of gender stereotypes
principle of intersexual selection

Answer 9

• mate choice
• men with desirable qualities most successful in attracting mates

Question 10

origins of gender stereotypes
principle of intrasexual selection

Answer 10

• male/male competition

Question 11

origins of gender stereotypes
social role theory

Answer 11

• gender stereotypes stem from minor large-scale sex differences in social roles
• observing social activities individuals engage in leads people to infer stereotypes
• people rely on stereotypes in the absence of information

Question 12

origins of gender stereotypes
biosocial constructionist theory

Answer 12

• all human societies benefit from efficiency maximizing division of labour activities
• “sex determines labour suitability”
• children are socialized to adopt stereotypical traits and behaviour via observation, facilitating future labour activities

Question 13

consequences of gender stereotyping

Answer 13

gender prescriptions
- traits people believe men and women should exhibit
gender proscriptions
- traits people believe men and women should not exhibit
- if a stereotype is culturally valued, not conforming can result in punishment, anxiety

Question 14

consequences of gender stereotypes
status incongruity hypothesis

Answer 14

• gender role violating individuals are viewed negatively because they are seen as too dominant or too low status
• gender norms justify and reinforce unequal gender hierarch based on male dominance
• LGBTQ+ and gender non conforming seen as gender role violaters

Question 15

consequences of gender stereotypes
stereotype threat

Answer 15

• members of a negatively stereotyped groups perform worse on things because they believe the stereotype

Question 16

consequences of gender stereotypes
self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 16

• stereotype shapes how the group members behave yielding the outcome in favour of the stereotype

Question 17

consequences of gender stereotypes
career

Answer 17

• women make up less than 25% of stem careers in 2023 despite being 59% of the canadian workforce
• men less likely to pursue careers in HEED (healthcare, early education, domestic) due to gender bias