week 12 Flashcards
1
Q
morbidity mortality paradox
A
- women experience higher sickness rates but lower death rates than men
2
Q
sex differences in health
genetic
A
- 2 x chromosomes may have a health advantage
- telomeres, suggests male cells age faster
3
Q
sex differences in health
hormonal
A
- testosterone, suppress bodys immune system negative long term effects
- estrogen, health benefits, increase cardiac output and risk of certain cancers
4
Q
sex differences in health
evolutional
A
- men evolved “live hard die young” more offspring
- women evolved fight disease, healthy fetal growth and infant nourishment
5
Q
sex differences in health
health related behaviours
A
- men more likely to engage in risky, accident prone behaviours, smoke, consume alcohol, less healthy diets
6
Q
risk networks
A
- extended networks of individuals with whom people can have sexual contact or engage in other risk practices that can transmit disease
7
Q
unmitigated agency
A
- focus on the self to the exclusion of others
8
Q
unmitigated communion
A
- focus on others to the neglect of the self
9
Q
sex differences in health
seeking and receiving healthcare
A
- women visit the doctor more frequently
- gender norms discourage men from seeking help
- black/latin men even more unlikely
10
Q
implicit physician biases
A
- automatic, nonconscious judgements and behaviours exhibited by doctors elicited by features of patients
11
Q
discrimination in health
race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES)
A
- health benefits associated with higher SES not apparent for groups facing racism
12
Q
minority stress theory
A
- belonging to a stigmatized group creates unique stressors that combine to increase minority individuals vulnerability to all types of health problems regardless of their SES
13
Q
feminization of poverty
A
- global phenomenon where women are disproportionately affected by poverty compared to men leading to adverse health outcomes
14
Q
discrimination in health
sexual orientation and gender identity
A
- LGBTQIA+ overal poorer health
- more chronic worry, tension, social stressors leading to engagement in risky behaviours
- barriers in accessing the same quality of healthcare
15
Q
medicalization
A
- natural conditions such as menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth come to be viewed as medical conditions that require treatment, influencing how people think about them
16
Q
premenstrual syndrom (PMS)
A
- diagnosable illness, aches, pains, bloating, anxiety, anger, depressed mood, moodiness that occurs monthly before the onset of menstruation
- view premenstrual women as incapable, not taken seriously
17
Q
transdiagnostic approach
A
- framework that assumes most psychological disorders are different manifestations of a few core underlying dimensions
- internalizing and externalizing disorders
-DSM, ICD
18
Q
gender intensification hypothesis
A
- pressure to adopt sex typed traits and behaviour intensifies during adolescence
- contributes to sex differences in depression
19
Q
response styles theory
A
- sex differences in certain coping styles can contribute to sex differences in mood and anxiety disorders
20
Q
sex differences internalizing disorders
A
- women higher neuroticism, strong correlation to internalizing disorders
- some research girls and women more nervous system activity when stressed, more depression and anxiety symptoms
21
Q
sex differences externalizing behaviours
A
- more experienced by men
- boys learn to avoid displaying vulnerable emotions, anger acceptable
- harsher discipline strategies
- associated with impulsivity and low effortful control
22
Q
objectification theory
A
- being raised within a sociocultural context
that routinely objectifies and sexualizes the female body has consequences for female mental health - Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997
23
Q
self-objectification
A
- women internalizing an outsider’s perspective on their physical selves,
resulting in a chronic preoccupation with their appearance
24
Q
Social comparison model
A
- Self-objectification leads women to compare their bodies with their peers’ bodies
- increases young women’s risk for body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, depression, and substance use
- media flawless women
25
Q
thin ideal internalization
A
- belief that an ultra thin body is ideal for women and predicts eating disorders among white women
26
Q
subjective wellbeing
A
- women greater than men
- men slightly higher in the poorest countries
27
Q
communion agency and wellbeing
A
- wellbeing = balance between communion and agency
- unmitigated communion: overly focused on others
- unmitigated agency: overly focused on self
