Week 4 Flashcards by Felix Espino

Psalms

1-41 - Book One: Kingdom Contested
42-72 - Book Two: Kingdom Global
73-89 - Book Three: Kingdom Demolished
90-106 - Book Four: Kingdom Spiritual
107-150 - Book Five: Kingdom Exultant

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Isaiah

1-12 - The Lord is the Holy One of Israel
13-27 - Woes of the Nations
28-39 - Woes and Salvation of God’s People
40-55 - God’s Gracious Redeemer Servant-King
56-66 - Righteousness in Servanthood

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Jeremiah

1 - Jeremiah’s Call
2-29 - Judah’s Judgment and Exile
30-33 - Promises of Restoration
34-45 - The Fall of Jerusalem Prophesied
46-51 - Oracles of Judgment Against the Nations
52 - Fall of Jerusalem

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Adam (Life & Significance)

Adam was the first created man and the Federal Head of all men (Genesis 1 and 2) he fell from the state of innocence by eating the fruit of the forbidden tree of the knowledge of good and evil (Genesis 3). The result of Adam’s fall was death (spiritual separation from God) for both himself and all of his natural descendants. Genesis 2-3; Romans 5

Key Scripture - Gen 1-3, Romans 5

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Abraham (Life & Significance)

Abraham was born with the name Abram, in Ur. (Genesis 11) He was called by God and received from God promises of descendants, a land, vindication, and a blessing (Genesis 12) being credited as righteous on the basis of belief/faith/trust in God (Genesis 15) He is the physical/hereditary father of the Jewish people; he is the spiritual father of all those who believe in the One True God (Romans 4).

Genesis 12,15.17
Romans 4

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Joseph (Life & Significance)

Joseph was the eleventh son of Jacob, and the firstborn from Rachel’s womb. His life is chronicled in Genesis 37-50. Favored by his father, he was sold into slavery by his jealous brothers (Genesis 37). God protected and prospered him in Egypt, first in the house of Potiphar, then from slavery and prison to his rise as Pharaoh’s Prime Minister (Genesis 39-41) Through him, Jacob and his family came to reside in Egypt (Genesis 46) until the Exodus under Moses 400 years later. Two of the 12 tribes of Israel are named for his sons Ephraim and Manasseh

Genesis 37-50

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Moses (Life & Significance)

Moses was born of Hebrew parents, but raised in the house of Pharaoh. After murdering an Egyptian assaulting a Hebrew man, he fled to Midian where he married Zipporah (Jethro’s daughter) and remained for 40 years, until he was 80 (Exodus 1-2). God called Moses to deliver His people from Egypt (Exodus 3-4) Through Moses’ leadership, God delivered His people and led them out of Egypt, across the Red Sea and to Mount Sinai (Exodus 5-19). At Sinai, God delivered through Moses His servant the law and instructions for the tabernacle and its related items (Exodus 20-30). Due to rebellion, the people were to wander in the wilderness for 40 years (Numbers 14) Moses was allowed to see the land promised to the patriarchs, but was not allowed to enter for his sin at Meribah (Numbers 20). He died at 120 years old, and God buried him (Deuteronomy 34)

Numbers 14 - wilderness
numbers 20 - no holy land
Deut 34 - Death

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Deborah (Life & Significance)

Deborah was a judge and prophetess in Israel (Judges 4-5). She delivered God’s order to Barak to war against Sisera, which he would only do if she accompanied him. She did and Sisera was overthrown (killed by Jael, wife of Heber the Kenite). Deborah recounts Sisera’s defeat in song in Judges 5

Judges 4-5

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Ruth (Life & Significance)

Ruth was a Moabitess in the time of the Judges. She is the widowed daughter-in-law of widowed Naomi. She loyally returns to Israel from Moab (after a famine) with her mother-in-law. She is noticed by Boaz a relative of her dead father-in-law Elimelech. He redeems her according to the law of levirate marriage. Their first son, Obed, is the grandfather of King David.

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Joshua (Life & Significance)

Joshua was a close associate/deputy of Moses (Exodus 17) and one of the 12 spies sent into the promised land. Only he and Caleb recommended invasion (Numbers 13-14). He was consecrated Moses’ successor near the Jordan (Numbers 27, Deuteronomy 31). He led the initial conquest of Canaan, including Jericho, Ai, and the confederacy of Canaanite kings (Joshua 5-12). Joshua’s acting as leader (Deuteronomy 34)

Ex 17
Numbers 27
Deut 31-34

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Gideon (Life & Significance)

Gideon was a judge in Israel. He was called by God while secretly threshing wheat (lest it be stolen by the Midianites) (Judges 6). He defeated the Midianites with a tiny army of 300 men (Judges 7). He declined the people’s offer to establish himself as king, but did take a reward of gold with which he made an ephod which became a tool of apostasy (Judges 8). He is lauded in Hebrews 11 as great man of faith.

Judges 6-8
Hebrews 11

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Samuel (Life & Significance)

Born of previously barren Hannah and Elkanah, he was dedicated as a Nazirite, raised in the Shiloh temple, and received a prophetic call as a boy (1 Samuel 1). He is viewed as the first of the prophets (Acts 3:24; 13:20). At God’s command he reluctantly anointed Saul as the first king of Israel (1 Samuel 8-9). After Saul’s sin and God’s rejection of him, Samuel anointed David as king (1 Samuel 16). After his death, Saul tried to discern God’s will by calling Samuel from the dead (1 Samuel 28).

Acts 3:24
1Sam 16
1 Sam 28

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David (Life & Significance)

David’s name is first mentioned at the end of Ruth 4. After being anointed king by Samuel (1 Samuel 16), he came to Saul’s court as a musician. Shortly thereafter, youthful David distinguished himself for his faith and bravery in slaying Goliath (1 Samuel 17). numerous attempts on David’s life were made (1 Samuel 18-19). After a long period wherein David was a fugitive, Saul was killed by the Philistines (1 Samuel 31); and David ascended to the throne, first of two tribes (2 Samuel 1) then of all 12 (2 Samuel 5) (reign: c. 1010-970 BC). He made Jerusalem his capital (2 Samuel 5). God rejected David’s plan to build Him a house, but promised an everlasting house for David (2 Samuel 7). David’s kingdom prospered greatly for a time; and then David committed adultery with Bathsheba and proxy-murdered her noble husband Uriah (2 Samuel 11). Despite genuine repentance (Psalm 51), these sins brought trouble on David and his house until the end of his days in the forms of Amnon’s sin (2 Samuel 13), and the rebellions of Absalom (2 Samuel 13-18), Sheba (2 Samuel 20), and Adonijah (1 Kings 1-2). David’s death is recorded in 1 Kings 2.

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Solomon (Life & Significance)

Solomon was David’s son by Bathsheba. He became king (after some intrigue) with David’s approval (1 Kings 1) (reign: c. 970-931 BC). In a dream, God offered Solomon his choice of gifts, and he chose wisdom (1 Kings 3). He was also a noted builder: of the temple (1 Kings 6) and his palace (1 Kings 7). He dedicated the temple with a beautiful prayer (1 Kings 8); God answered, promising to sustain His covenant with David. Solomon’s reign declined through his devotion to many foreign wives and his syncretism with their idolatrous religion (1 Kings 11). God’s judgment for this son (division of the kingdom) was stayed during Solomon’s life on account of David but came to fruition in his son Rehoboam’s reign (1 Kings 12).

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Rehoboam (Life & Significance)

Rehoboam was the son of Solomon, and the last king of a united Israel (reign: c. 931-913 B.C). Upon his ascension there was revolt against Solomon’s heavy rule. Rehoboam foolishly chose to increase the burden (1 Kings 12). The northern ten tribes made Jeroboam son of Nebat their king, and the kingdom was sundered according to the prophecy of Ahijah (1 Kings 11).

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Jeroboam (Life & Significance)

Jeroboam son of Nebat was at one time in the employ of Solomon, overseeing his workforce in the northern tribes. He fomented revolt and fled to Egypt (1 Kings 11). During the reign of King Rehoboam, he returned and led the rebellion of the northern tribes, becoming the first king of Israel (1 King 12) (reign: c. 931-910 B.C). He led that kingdom into idolatry, establishing golden calves at Bethel and Dan (1 Kings 12), complete with a non-levitical priesthood. For these God rebuked him through Ahijah (1 Kings 13-14), promising the violent end of his house.

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Elijah (Life & Significance)

Elijah was a prophet in the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of King Ahab (reign: c. 874-853 BC) and Queen Jezebel. He contended for the worship of Yahweh against Baal worship. He announced a drought (and was miraculously sustained through it) (1 Kings 17). Through him, God humiliated the worshipers of Baal on Mt. Carmel (1 Kings 18). Afterwards he fled to Horeb and was comforted by God. He confronted King Ahab regarding Naboth’s stolen vineyard (1 Kings 21). He was taken to heaven in the presence of a fiery chariot (2 Kings 2). He is frequently (almost 30 times) mentioned in the New Testament. His return was anticipated as a precursor of the Messiah (and fulfilled in John the Baptist’s ministry, Matthew 11:14). Further, he stands for the prophets at Christ’s transfiguration (as Moses does the Law).

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Elisha (Life & Significance)

Elisha was the attendant and successor of Elijah. He was called through Elijah (1 Kings 19), from whom he inherited a “double portion of his spirit” (2 Kings 2). His long ministry was marked by numerous miracles, among them: the purifying of water (2 Kings 2), the increase of the widow’s oil (2 Kings 4), the restoration of the Shunammite’s son (2 Kings 4), and the healing of Naaman’s leprosy (2 Kings 5).

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Hezekiah (Life & Significance)

King Hezekiah was the 14th king of Judah (reign: c. 716-687 BC). He reigned over Judah for 29 years and was noted for his piety (2 Kings 18). During his reign, Samaria fell and Israel was deported. He instituted religious reforms, purifying the temple (2 Chronicles 29), and reestablishing the Passover (2 Chronicles 30), and destroying high places (2 Chronicles 31). The Assyrians, through Sennacherib, tried to subdue Jerusalem but suffered a huge (miraculous) loss (2 Kings 18-19). Hezekiah is also noted for the extension of his life by 15 years(2 Kings 20); his relationship with Isaiah; and his entertaining the emissaries from Babylon.

1- pious 2 Kings 18
2- King of Judah when Israel Fell
3- brought religious reforms

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Josiah (Life & Significance)

King Josiah was the great-grandson of King Hezekiah (reign: c. 639-609 BC). He ascended to the throne at 8 years old, reigned for 31 years, and enacted many religious reforms (2 Kings 22). During his reign, the “Book of the Law” was found in the temple by Hilkiah (2 Kings 22), leading to greater reform. He fulfilled the prophecy of 1 Kings 13 regarding the destruction and defilement of the high places; and he celebrated the Passover in grand style (2 Kings 23). He was killed in battle against Pharaoh Neco (2 Chronicles 35).

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Jeremiah (Life & Significance)

Jeremiah was a prophet in Judah from c. 626 to 587 BC. He prophesied through 40 years and five kings (Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, Zedekiah). He was called as a young man (Jeremiah 1). Much of his recorded prophesy deals with the nation’s unfaithfulness (Jeremiah 2) and the inevitable judgment to come (Jeremiah 3-6, 8-10). In the midst of God’s judgment, Jeremiah also holds forth hope, particularly as he speaks of the New Covenant (Jeremiah 30-34). He wrote to the exiled Jews, assuring them that God would hear them and care for them in a foreign land, highlighting the spiritual nature of worship (Jeremiah 29). He also wrote Lamentations, a series of dirges portraying the capture and destruction of Jerusalem

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Isaiah (Life & Significance)

Isaiah lived during the 8th century B.C., ministering primarily in the southern kingdom of Judah during the reigns of Kings Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. His life spanned a period of political turmoil, as Judah faced threats from surrounding nations, particularly Assyria. Isaiah’s prophecies are significant for their emphasis on the coming Messiah, often referred to as the “Suffering Servant” (Isaiah 53), who would bring salvation to Israel and the nations.

Ezekiel (Life & Significance)

Ezekiel was likely carried to Babylon along with Jehoiachin (c. 597 BC) (2 Kings 24). Five years later, he received his call as prophet (Ezekiel 1) to the exile community. His prophecies are full of Temple/priestly imagery, and naturally deal with the disaster of his day: the destruction of Jerusalem, the Temple, and its meaning. He also held forth great hope in the promise of a new heart (Ezekiel 36) and the picture of the revived dry bones and the reunited people (Ezekiel 37). The last portion of the book bearing his name takes up a detailed description of a rebuilt Temple (Ezekiel 40-48).

Daniel (Life & Significance)

Daniel was a Hebrew youth of a noble family taken into Babylonian captivity by Nebuchadnezzar and trained (with others) for royal service (Daniel 1). He distinguished himself by interpreting the king’s dreams of a large statue of various metals (Daniel 2) and of a great tree cut down (Daniel 4). He endured the trials of a fiery furnace (Daniel 3) and the lion’s den (Daniel 6). Much of his apocalyptic book deals with his own visions, which portend the rise and fall of men’s kingdoms and the coming of the Son of Man whose kingdom is without limits (Daniel 7).

Nehemiah (Life & Significance)

Cupbearer for the Persian king Artaxerxes (reign: c. 465-424 BC). He was granted permission to return to Jerusalem, was appointed governor, and oversaw the rebuilding of the walls (Nehemiah 6). With Ezra, great efforts at reform and repopulation were made, resting on the law (Nehemiah 8) and confession (Nehemiah 9).

Malachi (Life & Significance)

Malachi was a post-Exilic prophet, He likely lived during the time of Nehemiah. His exhortations came when the people were drifting back into syncretism, a negligent view of worship, and rampant divorce (Malachi 1-2). Against these sins, Malachi promised coming judgment (Malachi 3) and the coming vindication of the faithful on the “Day of the Lord” (Malachi 4).

What is the chief end of man?

“Man’s chief end is to glorify God and enjoy Him forever” (WSC 1).

What is the supreme activity of man? That is, what does God require of man?

“The duty which God requireth of man, is obedience to His revealed will” (WSC 39; WLC 91).

What does the Bible teach about the creation of human beings?

He created man male and female; formed the body of the man of the dust of the ground, and the woman of the rib of the man, endued them with living, reasonable, and immortal souls; made them after His own image, in knowledge righteousness, and holiness; having the law of God written in their hearts, and power to fulfil it, and dominion over the creatures; yet subject to fall” (WLC 17).

In what way is man created in the image of God?

God created man male and female, after His own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures” (WSC 10).

Are all men in the image of God? If so, to what extent?

Yes, all men are made in the image of God in that they are designed to resemble and reflect Him “in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures” (WSC 10). However, since the Fall, all men descended from Adam by ordinary generation have “become wicked, perverse, and correupt in all his ways, he hath lost all his excellent gifts which he had received from God, and only retained a few remains thereof, which, however, are sufficient to leave man without excuse

Yes, WSC 10
1- Knowledge
2-rigtheousness,
3-holiness
4- dominion over creation

How does the doctrine of the image of God influence debates about gender roles?

“God created man male and female, after His own image” (WSC 10), which entails the fundamental equality of men and women, as each is a full image-bearer of God in his/her own right.

Where did man’s soul come from? When?

God created man “with reasonable and immortal souls” (WCF IV.2), but not with eternal souls. Our souls, like our bodies, have a beginning in time. The souls of Adam and Eve were created after their bodies were created, and one school of thought (creationism) holds that each person’s soul has been uniquely called into existence by God at conception. Another school of thought (traducianism) holds that each person’s soul is derived from the souls of his parents, just as each person’s body is derived from the bodies of his parents. In any case, the human soul is created distinct from his parents at conception.

What is sin? Include Scripture proofs.

“Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of the law of God” (WSC 14). 1 John 3:4 - “Everyone who practices sin also practices lawlessness; and sin is lawlessness.

Discuss the guilt of sin and the corruption of sin.

“The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam’s first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin; together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it” (WSC 18).

Define and discuss original sin (include Scripture proofs).

Original sin is “the guilt of Adam’s first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature” (WSC 18; By the corruption of his nature, man is “utterly indisposed, disabled, and made opposite unto all that is spiritually good, and wholly inclined to all evil, and that continually” (WLC 25
Romans 5:12
Psalms 51: 5

How can original sin be reconciled to the canons of justice, either human or divine?

Federal Headship (Representation)
In Romans 5:12-21original sin can be reconciled to both human and divine justice through the principles of federal headship, inherited corruption and personal responsibility.

Is there any good remaining in a fallen, sinful man? Explain.

sinful man is entirely corrupt in his nature, and no spiritual good remains in him. As a result, humans are naturally inclined to evil and are spiritually dead, incapable of doing any good that pleases God or earns His favor (Romans 3:10-12, fallen man may still possess a natural ability to do things that appear outwardly good in human terms, these actions are ultimately sinful because they are not done out of faith or for the glory of God.

In what ways does man sin?

Man sins by neglecting the duties required by, and actively transgressing, the law of God in thought, word, and deed. Man’s desires, inclinations, will, thoughts, attitudes, speech, and conduct are all liable to - and actually twisted in - sin.

What are some of the consequences of sin?

“All mankind by their fall lost communion with God, are under His wrath and curse, and so made liable to all miseries in this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell forever” (WSC 19).

Is the will of man free? Explain (include Scripture proofs)

man’s will is free, but its freedom is influenced by the state of man’s nature. WCF Chapter 9, it explains that in the state of innocence before the Fall, man had the freedom and ability to choose good or evil. Ecclesiastes 7:29

Was Adam’s will (before he sinned) free?

Before Adam sinned, he was free either to obey God or to rebel against Him. Ecclesiastes 7:29

Can a sinner do anything good?

a sinner cannot do anything that is truly good in the spiritual sense apart from the grace of God. While a sinner may perform actions that appear good, these actions are not spiritually good because they are not done out of faith or for the glory of God (Romans 14:23

Is a sinner’s will free to believe?

The sinner’s will is not free to believe, apart from the effectual calling of the Holy Spirit, or regeneration.

“Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit he cannot enter into the kingdom of God” (John 3:5).

Does a believer have free will?

Yes, a believer has free will. After being regenerated by the Holy Spirit, a believer’s will is liberated from the bondage of sin and empowered to choose what is good and pleasing to God. In this renewed state, the believer desires to obey God and seeks to live according to His will (Philippians 2:13

What permanent officers has Christ given to his church?

Elders and Deacons

What are the qualifications for an elder?

-learned: competency of human learning
-irreproachable: blameless in life
-orthodox: sound in the faith
-teacher: apt to teach
-pious: exhibit a sobriety and holiness of life becoming the gospel
-responsible: rule his own house well
-repute: have a good report of them that are outside the church
1 Timothy 3:1-7, Titus 1:5-9

What are the duties of an elder?

8-1 and 8-3

bishop/pastor: oversight of the flock of Christ, visitation of the sick and infirm, pray, comfort, nourish, and guard
Presbyter/elder: be grave and prudent, an example to the flock, and govern well the church
teacher: expound the Word, exhorts, convinces the gainsayer

Pastor, elder, teachers

How are teaching and ruling elders alike?

8-9 Elders being of one class of office, ruling elders possess the same authority and eligibility to office in the courts of the Church as teaching elders. They should, moreover, cultivate zealously their own aptness to teach the Bible and should improve every opportunity of doing so.

How are ruling and teaching elders different?

8-4 Different giftedness and calling
8-5 Different functions/roles - Word & Sacrament; ambassador (to beseech sinners); evangelist (to bear ridings of good news to ignorant and perishing); preacher (to proclaim the gospel); steward of the mysteries of God (he dispenses the manifold grace of God and the ordinances instituted by Christ)

What is meant by the “parity” of ruling and teaching elders?

8-1 These titles do not indicate different grades of office, but all describe one and the same office.

What are the duties of deacons?

9-1 The office is one of sympathy and service.
9-2
- minister to the disadvantaged (sick, friendless, distressed)
- develop the grace of liberality in church members
- devise effective methods of collecting and distributing the gifts of the people
- care of the property of the congregation
9-6 - hold conferences

What are the qualifications of deacons?

9-3
To the office of deacon, which is spiritual in nature, shall be chosen men of spiritual character, honest repute, exemplary lives, brotherly spirit, warm sympathies, and sound judgment.
1 Timothy 3:8-13

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Week 4 Flashcards

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