Church History People 13-26 Quick

Question 1

Bernard of Clairvaux

Answer 1

(1090 – 1153)

1- The last of the church fathers, a mystic, monk
2- He was a strong spiritual reformer—the leader of the Cistercian movement.
3- major preacher of the Second Crusade and held to a full Augustinian view.

Question 2

Gregory the Great

Answer 2

(540 – 604)

1- Considered one of the ablest men to occupy the position of Pope—some call him the father of the Medieval papacy.
2- He became pope in 590
3- helped establish the idea that the Pope was the supreme authority in the church.
4- Best known for his Gregorian chants, but also wrote several works including The Pastoral Rule.
5- his ideas later developed into the doctrines of purgatory and penance.

Question 3

Francis of Assisi

Answer 3

(1181/1182 – 1226)

1- Founder of Franciscan movement “Lesser Brothers”.
2- believed that the most serious problem in the church was worldliness and set to rebuild the church around the pattern of living like Jesus—an ascetic lifestyle, the life of poverty.

Question 4

Anselm of Canterbury

Answer 4

(1033 – 1109) Archbishop of Canterbury

1- the father of scholasticism
2- Anselm introduced a new theory of the atonement—the satisfaction theory—saying that man’s sin is a debt to God, not the devil and that Christ’s death alone has satisfied God’s offended sense of honor.
3- Developed two proofs for the existence of God: the ontological and the cosmological.

Question 5

Aquinas

Answer 5

(1225 – 1274) Dominican monk-turned teacher

1- author of the monumental Summa Theologica
2- Combining the greatest of the ancient Greek philosophers, particularly Aristotle, with Christian thought
3- Aquinas taught that grace does not destroy nature but perfects it, meaning that human reason and natural law have a proper role but are ultimately insufficient for salvation without divine grace.

Question 6

John Wycliffe

Answer 6

(1328 – 1384)- Morning Star of the Reformation

1- Translated the Bible into middle English.
2- Believed the Bible is the supreme authority, that the clergy should hold no propriety, that there was no basis for the doctrine of transubstantiation.
3- Declared a heretic in 1382

Question 7

Jan Hus

Answer 7

(1369 – 1415)
1- Preached against the abuses of the Catholic Church, especially the morality of the priests, preaching of the Bible in the common language of the people (not Latin), opposed the sale of indulgences, and Papal infallibility.
2- Excommunicated from the church and burned at the stake 1415.
3- Was a Bohemian priest who discovered Wycliffe’s religious writings.

Question 8

William Tyndalen

Answer 8

(1494 – 1536)

An English Bible translator.
The 1611 King James Version is 90% the work of Tyndale Was martyred for his opposition to the Pope in 1536.

Question 9

Martin Luther

Answer 9

1483–1546

1- father of the Reformation
2- Excommunicated from the Catholic church at the Diet of Worms
3- Disagreed with Calvin on the issue of communion as he believed “consubstanciation.”

Question 10

Philip Melanchthon

Answer 10

1497–1560

1- Wrote Loci Communes, in 1521
2- Shifted toward Erasmus; theology of salvation and towards Calvin’s view of the Lord’s Supper
3- Author of the Augsburg Confession: In 1530,
4- Friend and Collaborator of Martin Luther

Question 11

Ulrich Zwingli

Answer 11

1484–1531

1- Swiss Reformer and Leader in Zurich:
2- Disagreement with Luther over the Lord’s Supper:
3- Opposition to the Radical Reformation:
4- died in the Battle of Kappel on October 11, 1531.

Question 12

John Calvin

Answer 12

1509–1564

1- he was “suddenly” converted sometime between 1532-34.
2- First published his Institutes in 1536.
3- Served as pastor in Geneva, expelled, and returned three years later.
4- Calvin is best known for his development of Reformed theology, particularly his doctrine of predestination and the sovereignty of God.

Question 13

John Knox

Answer 13

1513–1572 - Bishop of Rochester

1- Upon the ascendancy of Mary Stuart as queen of Scots, he fled to the Conti-nent where he was influenced by Calvin.
2- became the leader of the Scots Reformation. He helped draft the Scots Confession of Faith, and the Book of Discipline.
3- remembered as the founder of Presbyterianism

Question 14

Covenanters

Answer 14

17th century

1- resisted the imposition of episcopal governance and Anglican practices by the monarchy.
2- the National Covenant in 1638, which rejected royal interference in religious matters.
3- ought in the Covenanter Wars against both the monarchy and the Church of England
4- Following the Restoration of Charles II, they endured severe persecution during the Killing Times in the 1680s